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THE
TRANSACTIONS
J/ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
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VOL. I.
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1853.
Epwarp Newman, Esq,, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &C. weceecceceeees President.
W. W. Saunners, Esq., F.LAS., &C.s00cccccessccccccscese 2
VSI SPENGCES HSC, BsEU. ssi Cc Ceillcleloieisia/eleicialel oie/a\elaielejeielerely)s\nie Vice- Presidents. J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c..... alaleteralaleievaiaisieielefeieicrs 5
Samvet Stevens, Esq., F.L.S, ..0-.ccccccccceccesccesens Lreasurer.
J. W. DouGras, Haqees sscsce cece acceve stat eeeeereeeeee Vo is. WiFesWVENGS TiStfe5) Fa1G: Sein s'eieiw aie ¥'s'e\oje/sie vici8ic vic'bis w'sie erecta
J. Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ...... so @ondon eons sooUPAoODOGCNS PDWIN SHEPHERD, PSs cc's sis cicee bes sicle cleciclec veces cece
| Other Members
A. F. Suepparp, Esq. ee ee ey of the Council. S. Warine, Esq....-... stavalaicelatelelatetel stelelsiatslstsle)sfele}elisvs: sie1o '
Sa J OWIEKENSON, Esq: 22 cece so. - Rieiite alevaroielave ce ate e sites Bi Wr JANSON, EISG. sesececsssceciessccccccecrccessonne Curator.
Library and Cabinet Committee. Messrs. Douctas, Janson, A. F. Suepparp, Epwrn SHEPHERD, and WILKINSON.
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CONTENTS.
PAGE Prifectstatet ie: SOCIEtV iy, su venice why dete. aft) si) = lhe ePimawa | outa we I
PeAICeOMshcunransactons) «Wii cols /anennted S tii. stseues| aimee es ao Tv Explanation of the Plates . . . ag : : <) s+ o, Mile Additions to the Library from 1st «anwar, 1852, to 31st Saas HGS}. sou Gobel wee none eeu Sy at ol eet a arated Ths eon sa eR Additions to the Collections from 1st pes 1852, to 31st als ISS Wes Wig Wao : Sieh i ien chy Soke ene ute tae Lion, Teme NOY
List of Members, bas ona, USA des cigs cis Les abner cts. bs RVI Journal of Proceedings from February, 1852, to January, 1854. . . 1 INTE gs ODay APA ghar: SE RAR re amram ee OUP a aan a SSRI
MEMOIRS.
J. Description of Doubledaya Viator, an apparently undescribed Sub-genus and Species of Coleoptera belonging to the Family Languriade. By Avam Wuirt, Esq., F.L.S. . . . . . 1
II. Note on the Pediculus Melitte of Kirsy. By F.Smirn, Esq. . 4
III. Descriptions of some new Species of Hemipterous Insects belong-
ing to the Tribe Scutata. By W.S. Datuas, Esq. F.L.S. . 6
IV. Description of a new Species of the Genus Dinidor, belonging to the Hemiptera Scutata. By W.S. Datuas, Esq., F.L.S. . 18 V. Apparatus for destroying Mould on Insects by the Vapour of Spirits of Wine. Invented by M. Vicror Guitiant, Employé au Museum Royal de Turin. Communicated e Joun Curtis, Bigg Fela — ants. os : oo oe le VI. Descriptions of Five new ae of Batteries, of the . Family Pa- pilionide. By W.C. Hewitson, Esq. . . . . . « « 22
vi
CONTENTS.
PAGE
VII. Descriptions of undescribed Coleoptera, brought from China by
MITT,
IX.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
TV,
XY.
AVL:
VLE:
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
R. Fortune, Esq. By W. Witson Saunpers, Esq.;-
BES. &e. 4). 4 = 25 Descriptions of some new av ‘apparently didessritied Aone
nopterous Insects, from North China, collected y R. For-
TUNE, Esq. By F. Smitu, Esq. . . . . 33 Descriptions of some Hymenopterous Insects far Neuer India. By F. Situ, Esq. . 5 45
. On the Habits of the Species of the Chleoperens ree ‘Megs:
cephala, inhabiting the Amazonian Region of South America.
By H. W. Bares, Esq.; with a Synopsis of the Species,
by J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S. . . . . Ho 9a a On the Lamellicorn Beetles, which possess exserted Mandibles
and Labrum, and 10-jointed Antenne ; being a Supplement
to a Memoir published in the Fourth Volosnte of the Trans-
actions of the Entomological Society. By J. O. West-
woop, Esq. F.L.S. . . . 59 Contributions to the Natural Fidtory of British Deicpolepido-
ptera. By J. W. Doveuas, Esq. . . . 75 Notes on the Development of Osmia parietina and “athlon British
Insects. By F.Smitu, Esq. . . . 5 tell
Descriptions of some new Species of the Coleonierane Family Pausside, with a Synopsis of the Family. By J. O. Wesrt- Woon, Esq... Fics 2) <i. 84
On the Identification of the yet undetermined Species of Mi- crolepidoptera mentioned in the “* Mémoires” of Réaumur.
By J. W. Douetas, Esq. < = ; 2 97
Descriptions of some Longicorn Beetles, discovered in Northen China by R. Fortune, Esq. By W. Wiison SaunpErs, igs: PSeh as 6 sly. «ie. ade eae eee
Notes on the Habits of ents sbrasene “By Mr. WiriiaM VARNEY Voy). Ts . 113
Contributions to the Nefel Fiatons of Britich ‘Mier olepiae ptera—(coniinued). By J. W. Dovctas, Esq. . . . . 116
Notices of some new Species of Strepsipterous Insects, from Albania; with further Observations on the Habits, Trans- formations and Sexual Economy of these Parasites . . . 125
On the Duration of Life in the Queen, Drone and Worker of the Honey Bee; to which are added, Observations on the Practical Importance of this Knowledge in deciding whe- ther to preserve Stocks or Swarms; being the Prize Essay of the Entomological Society for 1852. By J. G. Des- BonouGH, Bsq. +.) 14.0) % ihars . 145
Descriptions of new Genera and Sieeies of Ciiteuliuteen ‘By G. R. Watrrnovse, Esq. F285: 0. «2-3 = eee
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII.
XXIX.
CONTENTS. Vili
PAGE Contributions to the Natural History of British Microlepi-
doptera. By J. W. Dovetas, Esq. . . . 207 Monograph of the Genus Cryptocerus, eloneioe to ‘thie
Group Cryptoceride—Family Myrmicide—Division Hy-
menoptera Heterogyna. By F. Smitru, Esq... . . . . 213 A Revision of the Synonymy of the British Species of the
Coleopterous Genera Hydrochus and Ochthebius. By G. R.
WATERHOUSE, FSGe EZ Se. yoy ie Gn veal e aul: . 229 Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera, fro Ching
and Ceylon. By J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., F.L.S. . . . 232 On the Insects used for Food by the Indians of the Amazon.
By A. R. Waurace, Esq... = . 241 Descriptions of some new Species of Butterflies fom South
America. By W.C. Hewitson, Esq. .. . . 245 Notes on the Habits of a Bee-parasite, Melittobia Ailes
By Freperick Smitu, Esq. . . . 248 On the Habits of the Butterflies of the ‘Atiazen Valley ‘By
Ace Lvs MUR DACE Rasa timc! cl elle niet Us) dou gs . . 253
Cauvaliae)
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
— Prater. Fic. PAGE il 1. Oplomus elongatus, Dallas ..--cecvsseccececesceess 6 QowSciocon7s| atustnalis wa allepevnelceeyercteteters|oteieieleveeiorere\s}-fel=to mame y| Daas Memtn aise Dalle tersretelatetelelels teleisyelstonele Boooooade. UC 4& 4a. Dinidor lineatus, Dall., and details .......+00 0 Sooo. ill
Ouglinonccorusylatius alley werepelevetetetersreieterofela/enelstalalersieteeer- mane
6 & 6a, Amphaces virescens, Dall., and details ........-...+++ 14
7 & 7b. Dinidor gibbus, Dall., and details.........-.-- mocos, ile
1 Apparatus for destroying Mould on Insects ....-..-.. 19
Ts 5 ae a. : . Cosmiomorpha modesta, Saunders, and details..-..... 29
3 & 3a. Rhomborhina nigra, Saund. .sscceseeeee pacocoooncg PY) 4& 4a. Bs Fortunei, Saund....... feuncoododtecn 31)) 5. Teniodera ornata, Saund. dhoooouonuodMUDOb oo Sill 6. Protetia intricata, Saunds «sees 1-2 ele selels\arevenerse mel 7. Porphyronota Sinensis, Sina SodpenoacdvacsDGc0De 8 IV. 1. Glenea Fortunei, Saund....... S008 On tO OC ererssepetorote rer wil, 2. Colobus sericeus, Saund.......-- SODODOODOCOOG0ON ero ated AAD ie e : Philus inconspicuus, Saund., and details...+..++++e++6 110 5. Burypoda antennata, Saund. 6000025 0s c00s es clare 110 6. Cerosterna hispida, Saund. ..........-- sleliefalerese) Siaveners 112 7. Callichroma Faldermannii, Saund..... ddouoopoug oc ore) ell V. I, Bapilio)Sakontala, Hewitson elec vc1s'seielelelciels eietetee ete 24 24s ty UOrellana Sew s siis 'e eieeine nm oe eimereieeeers 23 VI. i ys. (Chabrias; Hews ss clos sacle» crete te siete oo eS Ze 99° | Pawsanias: THEW.(/x\siset=o.s'<iars «orate leicasionerciemenee 3. 5s 9, Lelearchus,) Flew. tic cise e/teieinte SOOO GOOG Apion 9274 VII. 1. Megacephalaveurta, Perty ss 'sisiv's oa eves o'n's clo oon Oe 2. Larvaof M.curta? 2a, head rotiley cet eceecc cesses 04 3. Megacephala Martii, Perty.......... eerceceseceene OF A plbanvarot Uv mVlcmtiiimeetarstetertietstele ado boo ous eee 54 onMecacephalalSpiniy, Brule. mrelstelece sister cieielslcetetos . o4 6. Larva of M. ——? 6a, dorsal segment, showing the hooks); 76/b\protileiofidos-stererietce selcteeeneieteiohe nea 7. Megacephala quadricollis, Laferte?..+0..++eeeeceeees 55
8. o MSPerUla;. VWiESLWeil tole + sicleiercieletaiielelsiontalelomod
Puate.
VIII.
IX,
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Fic. PAGE 1. Vespa Mandarina, Smith......20-+++. So ponsoudod de: wal: 2. Cryptus purpuratus, Smith..... jopgapdoobougunuaKe oe 3. Bombus atripes, Smith ......+.20-00- sAndeddcnoas eee 4. 3» Untfasciatus, Smitlecisvicercescscccacccceecs 40 5. Se GRU TOC, Shave On Hein GOOmOe Riatetelereteveislieie ste Ad 6. 3) jserrugineus, Smith’ fence. ecceecsecccee 47 7. sp tUNICATUS, SMIth ssc ove siete ¢ Ristcleleielete slevcloiata eter mn 4a Gh Wail! comings Sain SoohooooopdadboooodanGouc0dn co QRIPisonine cal is poimit i welete/s}.opeyelelelelaielererel sie Sonesocncsa. St! 10. Rhynchiwm ornatum, Smith ......2eeeeeeees ponooo) Cie 1 tole. Ochode@us lutescens, Westw., and details .....+...20. 64 2 to 2e, 7 pictus, Westw., and details...0...2..-0es TOD 3. 95 Americanus, Westw. (mandibles and clypeus) 67 4, Ap luridus, Westw. (IDM) Noo soce 67 5 todd. 50 rugatus, Westw. and details .......+- doooo 0// 6 to 6 i. Liparochrus geminatus, Westw., and details........ -- 69 7 to7 6. “3 sculptilis, Westw., and details ...+-+ee++ 70 8 to 8 i. Glaresis Frivaldsskyi, Westw., and details ........ jen nati, 9 to 9c. Triodontus Owas, Reiche, and details ........+0.--2. 74 1 to 1c. Imago and transformations of Gelechia contigua ...... 76 2 to 2c. Imago and transformations of Gelechia blandellu ...+.. 77 3 to 3c. Imago and transformations of Gelechia fraternella .+2» 77 1 to 1 c. Imago and transformations of Coleophora albitarsella .. 79 2 to 2c. Imago and transformations of Culeophora Alcyonipennella 80 3 to 3c. Imago and transformations of Coleophora solitariella.... 80 1 to 1 d. Rhipicera tessellata, Saund., and details ....++s+++-. 236 2 to 2f. Callirhipis Championii, Westw., and details .......... 235 3 to 3 g. Lichas funebris, Westw., and details.ceesessesreeeee 238 4, Callirhipis Templetonii, Westw.....esesrsevsecceees 204 5 tod e. Eugeusis palpator, Westw., and details......+2..00++ 239 6 to 6e. Clytellus methocoides, and details ......+- SoMoOOOUOC 240 1 to 1 J. Imago and transformations of Lithocolletis trifasciella .. 120 2 to 2b. Imago and transformations of Lithocolletis Scabiosella .. 121 3 to3d. Imago and transformations of Lithocolletis Emberizepen- “nasa onabeng 6400 bacs oo ob nobb BOSH Spo000n e- 122 1 to 1 b. Imago and transformations of Gracilaria Franckella .. 123 2 to 2 c. Imago and transformations of Gracilaria stigmatella .. 124 3 to 3d. Imago and transformations of Gracilaria auroguttella .. 124 1—8. Details of pseudo-nymph of Xenos Rossii @........ -- 144 9—15. Oplopus Rubicola, with Xenos Klugii ¢ enclosed in its pupa skin, &C. sssereeeesces efsiele\ euehsla\a) sisiere sis e» 144 15—24. Ancistrocerus deflendus, with Xenos Heydenii, &c. »».. 144 1. Xenos Rossii, escaping from abdomen of Polistes Gallica 144 2—17. Hylecthrus Rubi, escaping from abdomen of Hyleus Inne, SXKOs 6G aSOb DO DOO Ue CauOoe Ob booe boca - 144 18. Pupa of Hylecthrus Querciis g..... whevokeieleriereieiaerepsroe ela 19. Prosopis variegata, with cephalothorax of Btylectinas Sieboldii exposed »+...++- corse crsecccevereccces 144
x
Parte.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
Fic. 1—le. Qe l—le.
2—2 c. 3—3 c. 15
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PAGE Imago and transformations of Bedellia somnulentella .. 208 Polyommatus Alewis, vat. «evseseesesesecs Proceed. cxiv. Imago and transformations of Elachista subnigrella, Doug. 210 Imago and transformations of Elachista Megerlella .... 211 Imago and transformations of Elachista Cygnipennella .. 211 Cryptocerus atratus 9 ; 1a, labium of do.; 16, maxilla of do.; lc, labrum of do.; 1 d, mandible of do.; le, labium of do. (neuter) ; 1 f, maxilla of do. (neuter) 228
2. Cryptocerus atratus (neuter) ...-+.... Cece caccreccs - 228 3. op elegans ; 3a, antenna of do. ......+-++0. 228 4. iy VAT ANEOLUSTaAstelele eleleietere te stele BEROOOLOOOIEO: 2253) OF * D’Orbignyanus ..crcescceccrecceces a. pets} 6. Cataulacus parallelus ; 6a, front view of the head of do. 228 7. Cryptocerus argentatus ; 7a, antenna of do..... Soonno CP! 8. mp quadrimaculatus .....+ POORTOMC S000 DO P75: 9. a0 UNUNACWIATUS oie c0esssvcee cee nooodnOre 228 1. Cryptocerus dubitatus se .ccscseseececescerecceseses 220 2. Ap GiSCOCEPNALUS Teieivicie o w'e)eT wlele eleislateteelviaisron tO 3. 5 JiGUREES G6 -obabocopCoBoEC Sel erate eietalsiele MOaO 4. Ss pubescens ; 4a, antenna of do. ...-.+e. bi. P48 5. Cataulacus Guineensis ; 5a, underside of the head, show- ing the grooves for the reception of the antenne .... 228 6. Meranoplus bicolor ; Ga, antenna of do. ..+.ee+-eeee 228 8. 3 petiolatus; 7a, antenna of do. ......... 5 DPAS 8. Cryptocerus pusillus; 8 a, antenna of do. ...+ee+sse++ 228 8. 33 LBW OS -AoooD0dUN00 CO URAd adhere ctcterete 228 9. Cataulacus Taprobane ......2.....e00e GoooncndCG 7etE) 1. Cryptocerus clypeatus, Q ..++s+creveerecesceee eee 228 2. ss p Gio dd ondcuadacdooco5aee sees 220 3. + COTES rterntai etaholeleloislchelsi cietetelsisieiehsialelaieremee acs 4. 7; MEMDTANACEUS + eeesesceceee aisibleherstniclemeee 5. Head of C. clypeatus (neuter) .....scecccceevecrese O20 6. Thorax of doc wiei-'- ccrele's cies «= S:altetesterelisicliete qeccooucdg fee 7. Daceton armigerum, S ...... aie lei cle’ «ei eletelaleislsleleieiele OG 8. iD iy 9) ooo ASOD OO AD DOOD DE Aodooe 228 9. Orectognathus antennatus (neuter) ; 9a, mandible of do. ; 9b, antenna of do.; 9c, metathorax of do......... 228 - Erycina Saundersii, Hewitson ......seeeseeeeee ere 245 . Acrea Amida, Hew. ..--+.-. Sisleiv/elevelsietelclele eisia eee een
» apilzo (Conon, Gwe avielel oll cial +/otolel ele ielevevalo stele) cfals(ieeune AO
Hetera Hortona, How. siecle osienic cc ssc ociseesaineaO » Hypaesia, Hew. .....+- SAAC ISO ESOOOD C 247 Dircennn Duwillia, Hews as ae\ee'e's ols sielas,cis leis) oloisieloretaeoate)
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1852, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1853.
Abstract of the Seventh Census of the United States. ADMIRAL, Lepidopterous Insects. Folio, 1774. ALBIN, Historia Insectorum Angliz. 4to. 1731 (two copies). » History of Spiders. 4to. 1736. American Zoological, Botanical and Geological Biography for 1851. Atheneum. 1852 and 1853.
Booru and Morritt, Report on recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts.
CEDERHOLM, Fauna Ingrica Prodr. (Insecta). 8vo. Cuapuis and CANDEZE, Catalogue des Larves des Coléoptéres. CHEYVROLAT, Descriptions des Coléopteres nouveaux.
ne Descriptions des trois Coléopteres.
Ap Rappel des Coléoptéres décrits par Pallisot et Beauvais. CuERCK, Aranei Suecia. 4to. 1757. CornELIvs, C., Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss von Periplaneta orientalis. Cox, C. J., On the Destructive Powers of Scolytus destructor. CrameER, Papillons Exotiques, et Supp. 5 vols. 4to. coloured. Curtis, J., A List of Insects and other Animals either injurious to Agriculture or
of interest to the Farmer. :
A British Entomology. Royal 8vo. 16 vols. in 8.
CyRIL1I, Entomol. Neapol. Spec. 8 plates.
Dauuas, W. S., Description of a new Hemipterous Insect Atelides centrolineatus. Denis and SCHIFFERMULLER, Syst. Verz. der Schmetterlinge. 4to. 1776. De GEER, Genera et Species Insectorum.
A Mémoires pour servir a |’ Histoire des Insectes. 7 vols. 4to. DonovA\, British Insects. 8vo. 16 vols. in 8, Drury, Insects. 3 vols. 4to.
», Illustrations of Natural History. 4to. 3 vols. in 1.
Entomological Magazine. 5 vols. Ericuson, Die Kifer der Mark Brandenburg. 1 band, 1—2 abth. Exhibition of 1851, Second Report of the Commissioners.
a Reports of the Juries.
Fapricivs, O., Fauna Groenlandica. 8vo, 1780. Fasricius, Entomol. Philosoph. 8vo. is Entomologie Systema et Suppl. 5 vols. 8vo. i» Genera [nsectorum. 8vo. - Mantissa Insectorum. 2 vols. 8vo.
Xll ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
FISCHER DE WALDHEIM, Entomographie de la Russie. Tome v. FIscHER, SEBASTIAN, Abhandlung tber Daphnia aurita and D. laticollis. 2 ss nB der Ordnung der Branchipoden und En- tomostraceen. die in der Umgebung von St. Peters- burg vorkommenden Crustaceen. FREEMAN, Rev. J., Life of Rev. W. Kirby. Friscu, Beschreibung von Allest. Insecten in Deutschland. 1 vol. 4to. FueEssty, Archives des Insectes. 5 Nues Magazin der Liebhabe. 2 vols. 8vo. By Verz. der Schweitz Insect.
29. ” ”
GEOFFROY, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes de Paris. 2 vols. 4to. GisTL, J., Isis. Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 6, 1850.
53 Systema Insectorum. Tom. 1, Coleoptera, fasc. 1. GoEDART, Metamorph. &c. Insectorum. 12mo. GYLLENHAL, Insecta Suecica. 4 vols.
HAGEN, H., Ueber die Lebensweise der Termiten und ihre Verbreitung. Harris, Mosks, Aurelian. Folio, 1778.
3 Exposition of English Insects. 4to.
a6 Treatise on American Insects. Royal 8vo.
», T., Insects of New England injurious to Vegetation. 1852. Haworta, Lepidoptera Britannica. 8vo. Hewitson, W.C., Exotic Butterflies. Parts 1—9. Hope, F. W., Catalogo dei Crostacei Italiani e di molti altri del Mediterraneo.
” Descrizione di alcune Specie d’ Insetti Fossili.
HoORSFIELD and MAcCLEAY, Annulosa Javanica. 4to.
Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Vol. 1. », Saundersiana, Diptera. Parts 3 and 4.
Kirpy, Fauna, Boreali Americana. 4 vols. 4to. », Monographia Apum Angliz. 2 vols.
Kirby and SPENCE, Introduction to Entomology. 4 vols. 8vo.
Kouuar, V., Beitrag zur Acanthochermes Quercits.
Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Haushaltes und der geographischen Ver- breitung einiger in 6komischer und technischer Hinsicht nichtigen
Insecten. Af Ueber ein bisher noch nicht beobachteten Feind des Weinstockes. ap Ueber Weinbeschadigung durch einen kleinen Nachfalter Tortric
Roserana, Frohl, KoLLAR and REDTENBACHER, Ueber den Character der Insecten-Fauna von Sud -Persien.
LAcorDAIRE, T., Monographie de la Famille des Phytophages. a Révision de la Famille des Cicindélides. LATREILLE, Considérations Générales. 8vo. - Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. 4 vols. 8vo.
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Xi
LEcontTeE, J. L., Attempt to Classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of the North of
Mexico. ‘3 Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera from California. _ On the Pselaphide of the United States. 55 Synopsis of the Cleride of the United States.
LEDERER, Versuch die Europidischen Spanner. Lewin, Prodr. Entomol. (Lepidoptera of N.S. Wales.) LinnI Fauna Suecica. 8vo, 53 Museum Ulrice. 8vo.
Literary Gazette. 1852 and 1853. Lussock, J., Description of a new Species of Calanide.
ee. On Two new Sub-genera of Calanide.
a On Two new Species of Calanide, &c. LYONET, uvres Anatomiques.
=n Recherches, &c.
Magazin der Entomologie. 2 vols. 8vo. MEIGEN, Europaische Schmetterl. 3 vols. MELVILLE, D., Nature’s Teaching, a Lecture. MERIAN, Histoire des Insectes de |’ Europe.
55 Insects of Surinam. Folio. MovurFfet, Theatrum Insectorum. 1634. 2 copies. Murray, A., Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland.
NEES AB ESENBECK, Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium Monographie. Vol. 2.
PASSERINI, Signor, A Portrait of. x. Notizie relative ad Insetti Coleotteri dannosi della planta el Fico. PERCHERON, Bibliographia Entomologica. 2 vols. sq. 8vo.
Raupen-Kalender Naturgeschichte, &c. 8vo. RAy, Historia Insectorum. 1710. 4to. REAuMUR, Memoires des Insectes. 6 vols. 4to. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. 1851, 1852, 1853. ROEMER, Genera Insectorum. 1789. 4to. ROESEL, Insect. Belust. 4 vols. 4to. Rossi, Fauna Etrusca. 2 vols. 4to.
», Mantissa Insectorum. 4to.
SAMOUELLE, Entomologist’s Compendium. 8vo. 1819.
Saussure, H. F., Monographie des Guépes Solitaires. Cahir 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Say, American Entomology. 3 vols. 8vo.
SCHAFFER, lcones Insectorum. 4to. coloured.
ScHaum, Bericht uber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Ento- mologie wahrend des Jahres 1849, 1850 und 1851.
Scopout, Entomologia Carniolica. Two copies.
Sepp, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes de Surinam. 3 parts.
Sm1TH, F., A List of the British Aculeate Hymenoptera. * American Insects. 2 vols. folio.
XIV ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
SMITHSONIAN Contributions to Knowledge. Vols. 3, 4 and 5. » Institution, Directions for Collecting Specimens of Natural History. y .; Fifth and Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Regents. SmyTH, Capt. W. H., Ades, Hartwellianz. SocIETIES—ANNALES, MEMOIRES, TRANSACTIONS, &c. Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid, Memorias. . Parti 2. Académie Royale des Sciences, &c. de Belgique, Memoires, &c. 1851, 1852. Akademie Konigliche Bayerischen. VI. Band. 2 Abth. Art Union of London, Report of the Council for 1853. Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club Proceedings. 1851, 1852. Lyceum of Natural History of New York, Annals. Vol. 5, Nos. 2—8. Société Entomologique de France, Annales. 1851. Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Bulletin. 1851, No. 2—4. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Memoires. Tom. 13, Ire partie. Society of Arts, Journal of. 1852 and 1853. Society, Linnean, Proceedings. i851, Nos. 45—51.
5 Transactions of. Vol. 21, parts 1 and 2. Society, Royal, Proceedings. Vol. 6, Nos. 82—97. 5 Transactions. 1853, parts 1 and 2.
Society, Royal Agricultural, Journal. Vol. 13, parts 1, 2; vol. 14. Stettin, Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe. 1852. » Entomologische Zeitung. 1852 and 1853. » Linnea Entomologica. Band 6, 7 and 8. Zoological, Proceedings. 201—226. Py Transactions. Vol. 4, parts 2, 3. SpINOLA, Tavola Sinnotica dei generi spettanti alla classe degli Insetti artroidignati Hemiptera, Lin. Srarnton, Bibliotheca Stephensiana. STEPHENS, J. F., Illustrations of British Entomology. 12 vols.
AA List of Animals in the Collection of the British Museum—Le- pidoptera. 1852.
a Manual of British Beetles.
op Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. 8vo.
STOLL, Cigzses et Punaises. 4to, 1788. SWAMMERDAM, Biblia Nature. 2 vols. folio.
VoGEL, Verhandlungen der Insecten. 8vo. i Ueber den Chemismus der Vegetation.
WILKES, English Butterflies and Moths. 4to. Woop, Index Entomologicus. 2 copies.
ZELLER, P. C., Lepidoptera Microptera que J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra
collegit. ZETTERSTEDT, J. W., Diptera Scandinaviz. 11 vols. 8vo. % Insecta Lapponica. 4to.
Zoologist for 1852 and 1853.
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1852, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1853.
——~
ANOPILURA. Rev. L. Jenyns ....A collection of British species.
ARACHNID. Mr. R. H. Meade ..A collection of sixty British species.
COLEOPTERA. Mr. Ed, Bowring....Apate Bambuse. Mr. Douglas....... Do. do. Mr. Foxcroft....... Boletophagus crenatus, two specimens. Mr. Gwynn....... . British, various. Mr. T. J. Stevens... Larva, with a Spheria attached. Mr. A. R. Hogan... Diglossu mersa, two specimens. Rev. H. Clark...... Haltica pubescens, eight specimens. Mr. D. W. Mitchell. . Lucanus Cervus, a specimen from the Pyrenees.
Mine Prativareystere .---Oryctes Martabani, a specimen. Miss Hornby. ..... Zophorus Mexicanus, a specimen. CRUSTACEA. Miss Hornby......- Phyllosoma clavicorne, a specimen. DIPTERA.
Mr Spence........ Glossina morsitans.
HYMENOPTERA. Mr. J. Lubbock ....Sirex duplex, specimens. Mr. F. Smith....... Vespa Britannica, Illustrations of natural history of.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Mr. A. F. Sheppard. . British, various. Mr. Douglas....... Do. do. DU re BONG 2) chess s1s16 01 Do. do. Mr: Bedell... 3... <<. Do. do. Mindi OyGls ~cieris D0. do.
XV ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
LEPIDOPTERA —continued.
Mr. Edwin Shepherd . British, various.
Mr. P.H. Vaughan.. Do. do.
Major Sheppard .... Do. do.
Mr. Bond......--+e Do. Aglossa cuprealis, six specimens. Rey. Jos. Greene..-- Do. Boarmia Abietaria, &c. &c. Mr. J.B. Hodgkinson .Coremia erutaria, &e.
Mr. Shield.........Hydrelia Blomeri.
Mr. N. Greening.... Hydrecia Petasitis.
Mr. Foxcroft. ...... Lelia cawnosa, two pairs.
Mr. T. J. Stevens.... Morpho Cytheris, a specimen.
Mr. R. S. Eldeston .. Plusia bractea.
Rev. J. Johnson ...-Plutella Dalella, six specimens. Mr. J.Scott........ Sciuphila, new species.
M. Becker..... . +++ Various, European.
Mr. J. Stevens...... Various, from Bogota.
STREPSIPTERA. Mr. 8. S. Saunders .. Illustrations of the natural history of some Albanian species.
MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS.
Professor Thompson .A collection of Chinese. Mr. J. C. Bowring -.A box of Chinese.
Viscount Goderich ..A box of Brazilian.
Mr. Thwaites ...... A collection of Cingalese. Signor Passerini ....A collection from Florence. Mr. Weaver........ Various, British.
Mr. J. Scott......-. Do. do.
Hist of Members
OF
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON,
JAN UGATRE Yas 2) algo4:
VOL. Il. N. S. PART VIII. —APRIL, 1854. b
C xr ®
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Wonovary English Member.
Witxiiam Spence, Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S. 18, Lower Seymour Street, Portman
Square.
WBonorary foreign Members.
Epwarps, M. Milne. Le Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Gravenhorst, Prof. J. L. C. Breslau, Silesia.
Haan, Herr W. de. Haarlem.
Hammerschmidt, Herr L.
Klug, Dr. Frederick. Royal Museum, Berlin.
Kollar, Herr. Royal Museum, Vienna.
Lefebvre, M. Alexandre. Bouchevilliers, prés Gisors, Département de 1’Eure.
Passerini, Signor Carlo. Professor of Zoology, at the Royal Museum, Florence.
Zeller, Professor P. C. Gross-Glogau, Silesia. Zetterstedt, Professor J. W., Ph. D. &c. University of Lund.
C* xix’)
ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.
Date of Election.
1849
TR
S.+
+
Marked * are Original Members. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Marked S. are Subscribers.
Autts, T. H., Esq. York.
Babington, C. C., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Baly, J.S., Esq. 13, Southampton Terrace, Kentish Town.
Barlow, F., Esq. Cambridge.
Bates, F., Esq. Leicester.
Beaumont, Alfred, Esq. Huddersfield.
Bedell, G., Esq. 10, Gloster Terrace, Old Kent Road.
Bell, Thomas, Esq., Pres. L.S. F.G.S._ 17, New Broad Street, and Selborne, Hants.
Bell, William, M.D. 19, Sackville Street.
Bevan, Edward, M.D. Hereford.
Biadon, J., Esq. Pont-y-pool.
Bond, F. Esq. Kingsbury.
Bowerbank, J. S., Esq., F.R.S. F.G.S. F.L.S. 3, Highbury Grove.
Boyd, Thomas, Esq. 17, Clapton Square.
Brown, Edwin, Esq. Burton-on-Trent.
Burlington, William, Earl of, M.A. F.R.S. F.G.S. 10, Belgrave Square.
Buxton, E. C., Esq. Spikelands, Liverpool.
Charlesworth, E., Esq. York.
Christie, Arthur, Esq. 9, Stanhope Street, Hyde Park.
Clark, Rev. Hamlet. Northampton.
Cooke, Henry, Esq. London and County Bank, Hastings.
Cox, Capt., Charles James. 21, Langham Place.
Curtis, John, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 18, Belitha Villas, Barnsbury Park, Islington.
Dallas, W. S., Esq, F.L.S. 23, Crane Grove, Holloway Road. Darwin, Charles, Esq., M.A. F.R.S. Down, near Bromley, Kent. Dashwood, John, Esq., B.A. Barton-under-Needwood, near Lich- field. Dawson, John, Esq. Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire. Dawson, Rev. J. F., L.1..B. The Woodlands, near Bedford. b 2
XX ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.
Date of Election. * + Desvignes, Thomas, Esq. Fir Tree Cottage, Woodford. 1851 Dossetor, T., Esq. 12, Poultry. * Doubleday, Henry, Esq. Epping. 1845 Douglas, J. W., Esq., Secretary. 6, Kingswood Place, Lee, Kent. 1849 Dunning, J. W., Esq. Elmwood Lodge, Leeds.
1851 S. Dutton, James, Esq., M.D. Hammersmith.
* Engleheart, N., Esq. Blackheath Park. 1853 Evans, Henry, Esq. Darley Abbey, near Derby. 1838 Evans, W. F., Esq. Admiralty. 1847 Fortnum, C. D. E., Esq. 12, Grosvenor Street West. 1853 Garland, John, Esq. Dorchester. 1849 S. Gear, Robert, Esq. 19, Oxford Square. 1853 Goderich, Viscount, M.P. F.L.S., &c. Carlton Gardens. a Gould, J., Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. 20, Broad Street, Golden Square. 1835 + Grant, Dr. Richmond, Surrey. 1848 Grant, Fred., Esq. Putney. 1850 Gray, John, Esq. Wheatfield House, near Bolton-le-Moors.
1842 + Gray, J. E., Esq., Ph.D. F.R.S. British Museum.
1850 S. Greene, Rev. Joseph. Dublin.
1853 Groves, W. Esq. 12, Morden Place, Lewisham Road.
1846 Grut, F., Esq. 10, Westbourne Terrace Road, Bayswater. : 1850 + Guyon, G., Esq. Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and Richmond, Surrey.
1852 Hamilton, Captain T. India. a Hanson, Samuel, Esq. Botolph Lane. 1852 S. MHaselden, Henry. 25, Whiteheads Grove, Chelsea. = Heales, G. S., Esq. Doctors’ Commons. 1847 Hearsey, Lieut.-Col. John Bennett. India. 1846 Hewitson, W.C., Esq. Oatlands, near Esher, Surrey. * Horsfield, Thomas, M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S. M.R.A.S. East
India House, and 21, Downshire Hill, Hampstead. 1853 S. Hudson, Mr. F. T. Stockwell Street, Greenwich. 1851 Hunter, John, Esq. 24, Bloomsbury Street.
1849 S. Ingall, Thomas, Esq. 16, Park Road, Stockwell Park.
1843 Janson, E. W., Esq., Curator. 61, Gracechurch Street. 1853 Jekel, M. Henri. Paris. * Jenyns, Rev. L., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Upper Swainswick, near Bath.
1849 S. Jobson, Henry, Esq. Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire.
1842 Kuper, Rey. C. Trellich, Monmouth.
Date of Election.
1849 1839 1853 1849
1835 1851 1849 1850 1850 1851 1850 1850 1853 1849 1851
1841
+ Pap
+~nDM in
ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. Xxl
Labrey, B. B., Esq. Manchester.
Lamb, ——, Esq. Beauport, Hastings.
Langeake, T. H., Esq. Beeston, near Leeds.
Lee, John, LL.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. F.R.A.S. Hartwell House, Ayles- bury.
Lingwood, R. M., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Lyston, near Ross, Herefordshire.
Lodder, Captain H., 47th Infantry. Malta.
Logan, R. F., Esq. Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh.
Lowe, Dr. Balgreen, Slateford, near Edinburgh.
Lubbock, John, Esq. High Elms, Farnborough.
McIntosh, J., Esq. 5, Middle Street, Taunton. Meade, R. W., Esq. Bradford, Yorkshire.
Murray, Alexander, Esq. Shenley, Herts.
Moore, F. Esq. 4, Molesworth Place, Kentish Town.
Newman, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. F.Z.S. M. Imp. L.C. Acad., President. 7, York Grove, Peckham. Newman, H. W., Esq. New House, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
Owen, Richard, Esq., M.D, LL.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S._ Royal College of Surgeons.
Parry, F. J. S., Esq., F.L.S. Steyne, Worthing. Pickersgill, J. C., Esq. 36, Gordon Square. Preston, T. A., Esq. Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Quin, C. W., Esq. 25, Clarence Street, Islington.
Salt, G. M., Esq. Shrewsbury,
Saunders, 8. S., Esq. Albania.
Saunders, W. F., Esq. East Hill, Wandsworth.
Saunders, W. W., Esq., F.L.S. East Hill, Wandsworth.
Saussure, M. H. F. de. Geneva.
Schofield, R. G. Glenmohr Villa, Greenwich.
Scott, John, Esq. Ferry Road, Renfrew.
Shepherd, Edwin, Esq. 176, Fleet Street.
Shepherd, James, Esq. Brown Street, Blackburn.
Sheppard, Augustus F., Esq. Bellefield House, Parson’s Green, Fulham.
Sheppard, Major E., F.L.S. Ditto.
Sheppard, Edward, Esq. 5, Ladbroke Place, Notting Hill.
Shield, Mr. R. 6, Fleet Street, Dublin.
Signoret, M. Victor. Paris.
Simkiss, Rev. J. M. St. Mary’s, Oscott, Birmingham
Smith, Frederick, Esq. British Museum.
XX
Date of Election. *
1836 1848 1851 1837
1841 1836
1853 1854 1850 1853
1845 1838 1853 1850
1849 1849
1850 1850 «& 1850 1850 * 1845 * 1839 1849 1849 1847
1853 1843
1851
wp
+
ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.
Spence, W. B., Esq.
Spinola, le Marquis Maximilian. Genoa.
Stainton, H. T., Esq. Mountsfield, Lewisham.
Steuart, H. J., Esq. 76, Jermyn Street.
Stevens, S., Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer. 24, Bloomsbury Street.
Tatum, T., Esq, 3, George Street, Hanover Square.
Taylor, R., Esq., F.L.S. F.S.A. F.G.S. M.R.A.S. Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.
Tebbs, H. V., Esq. Southwood Hall, Highgate.
Thompson, Miss. Barn Hill, Stamford.
Thompson, Thomas, Esq. Hull.
Thomson, William, Esq., F.L.S. 11, Dartmouth Villas, Forest Hill, Sydenham.
Thurnell, Charles, Esq. Duxford, Cambridgeshire.
Thwaites, G. R. H., Esq. Ceylon.
Tompkins, H., Esq. Worthing.
Tweedy, J. Newman, Esq. 47, Montague Square.
Vaughan, P. H., Esq. Redland, near Bristol. Vines, Mrs. Lyndhurst.
Walker, John, Esq. Chesterfield.
Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. Arno’s Grove, Southgate.
Walton, John, Esq., F.L.S. Byard’s Lodge, Knaresborough.
Ward, S. Nevill, Esq. Hon. E, 1. C. Civil Service, Madras.
Waring, S., Esq. Norwood.
Waterhouse, G. R., Esq., F.Z.S. British Museum.
Weir, J. J., Esq. 20, Maismore Square, New Peckham.
Westwood, J. O., Esq., F.L.S., &c. St. Peter’s, Hammersmith.
White, Adam, Esq., F.L.S. British Museum.
Wild, W. J., Esq. Herne Hill, Camberwell.
Wilkinson, S. J., Esq. 7, Jefftey’s Square, St. Mary Axe.
Wing, Wm., Esq., F.L.S., Secretary. 17, Priory Road, South Lam- beth.
Winter, John N., Esq. Sussex County Hospital, brighton.
Wollaston, T. V., Esq., B.A. F.L.S. 25, Thurloe Square, Brompton.
Yarrell, W., Esq., F.L.S. F.Z.S., &c. Ryder Street, St. James’s.
Zuchold, Ernst A. Halle, Prussia.
Date of Election.
1842 1844 1844 1846 1846 1846 1847 1847 1849 1850
1839 1844 1844 1852
1839 1850
1846
1841
1839 1847 1847 1849
1844
1846 1846 1846 1848
1839 13840
( xxi)
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
INSTITUTED NOV. 5rn, 1838.
Boys, Capt. India.
Buonaparte, Prince Lucien.
Barnston, George, Esq. Hudson’s Bay.
Blagrove, Lieut. Thomas. 26th Bengal Infantry.
Bowman, John, Esq. Bombay.
Brain, T. H., Esq., Principal of Sydney College, New South Wales. Bowring, J. C., Esq. Hong Kong.
Bowring, L. B., Esq. Bancoorah, near Burdwar, Bengal.
Blair, Daniel, Esq. Surgeon General, British Guiana.
Bach, Herr M. Boppard-on-the- Rhine.
Cantor, Dr.
Costa, Signor Achille. Naples.
Chiaga, Signor Stephano Deila. Naples. Cox, F., Esq. _ Van Diemen’s Land.
Downes, Mr. Ezra. Dalton, H. G., Esq. George Town, Demerara.
Elliott, Walter, Esq. Madras. Fraser, Louis, Esq. H.M. Vice-Consul, Whidah.
Griffith, W., Esq.
Gilbert, G. A., Esq.
Gray, W., Esq. St. Petersburg. Goding, F., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.
Harris, Dr. Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Layard, F. P., Esq. Bengal Infantry. Layard, E. L., Esq.
Leconte, Major. New York.
Low, Hugh, Esq. Labuan.
M‘Lelland, J., Esq. Calcutta. Mitchell, Sir Livingstone.
XXIV LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Date of Election.
1846 Pope, John, Esq. Hong Kong. 1846 Peters, Francis, Esq. Zanzibar.
1839 Schomburgh, Sir R.
1839 Sayers, Lieut.
1842 Stevenson, —.
1846 Smith, Dr. G. Madras. 1852 Stevens, T. J., Esq. Bogota.
1849 Thomas, Grant, Esq. Barbadoes.
1841 Wiegand, Sir F.
1845 Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner.
1847 Wilson, C. A., Esq. Adelaide, South Australia. 1849 Wallcott, R. B., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.
1841 Younger, Lieut. John Robertson.
EFRANSAGEIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
I. Description of Doubledaya Viator, an apparently unde- seribed Sub-genus and Species of Coleoptera belonging to the Family Languriade. By Anam Wuirte, Esq., F.L.S.
[Read May 6th, 1850. ]
Tue family Languriade contains a not very numerous set of in- sects, which, among the Trzmera, in some way represent the Ela- teride among the serricorn Pentamera. ‘Their form is elongated, the elytra in most of the species are of a metallic blue or green, and the thorax in several is red, or red with a black mark or line. In the genus Languria the antenne are not quite the length of the head and thorax put together, and they terminate in a flat- tened expansion, consisting of five joints. In the genus Fatua of Dejean, the joints of the antennz are much lengthened; and the club or mass at the end, excepting its three terminal joints, which are small, is not much wider than the other joints. The legs too are much longer, the fore ones being not much shorter than the whole length of the insect, and the two other pairs are at least as long as the abdomen.* In both the tarsi, though well de- veloped, are not particularly remarkable for size. The genus Triacus of Thunberg (Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens nya Hand- lingar, xxv. 1804, p. 184), is synonymous with Languria, or nearly so. Its generic character is having perfoliate antenna, with a4-jointed club; three of the joints are lunate, and the last is globose; the thorax is quadrate and the angles are acute. The body
* In the genus Macromera, Hope (Trans. Zool. Society), the legs and antenne are very long. VOL, Il. N.S. PARTI,—JUNE, 1852. B
2 Mr. Adam White’s Description
is linear-oblong, and the joints of the tarsi are three in number —the species is 7’. clavicornis—the thorax is of a shining blue, and the elytra are green; the thorax and abdomen beneath are blueish, washed with red. The genus Languria was established by La- treille in 1802, in the Hist. Nat. des Insectes, the type being L. bicolor, a North American species first described by Fabricius as a Trogosita. he following brief description may serve to make known the chief external characters of the sub-genus
DouBLEDAYA.
Head decumbent, in front at the base of the jaws expanded and wider than the thorax (fig. 3). Antennz moderate, with a longish club of four rather than five joints. Eyes small, prominent, but not projecting. Thorax as wide as long, margined on the sides, bisinuate at the base, grooved down the middle. Elytra elon- gated, sides nearly parallel, slightly margined, the margin thick- ened at the apex, which is abrupt. Legs very long, the two first pairs somewhat the longest, the femora and tibize compressed. Tarsi very wide, dilated, flat, all the joints wider than long; basal joint shortly cordate, second joint transverse, slightly cordate, third joint smallest, slightly cordate. The tarsi of first pair of legs the largest (fig. 4), those of the third pair not half so wide; the sides of the feet covered with short, uniform, dense hairs, arranged in transverse lines.
Lanouria (Dousiepaya) Viator (Fig. 1, 2).
This insect is a native of Madras, in the East Indies; the spe- cimen described is unique, in the collection of the East India
of Doubledaya Viator. 3
Company, and was kindly lent me by Dr. Horsfield. The head and thorax are highly polished and ferruginous, the elytra are of a pale ochreous red, and have from eight to nine thickly punc- tured, longitudinal, parallel striz, some of them joined near the apex. The antenne and legs are blackish and smooth, the tibiz being furnished with some silky hairs at the apex; the soles are of a lively yellow. The under side of the body is ferruginous. The figure is carefully drawn on wood by Mr. William Wing, and engraved by Miss E. Bridges. Fig. 2 represents the profile of the insect of the natural size.
This singular insect is named after the late Mr. Edward Doubleday, Secretary of this Society, whose collections of insects in North America were about equally rich in all departments ; for his mind was not content with running in one channel, however wide. Although at the British Museum he limited himself chiefly to the arrangement of Lepidoptera, his knowledge of other de- partments of Natural History was far from restricted, and the general collection of Languriade contains at least one species * collected during his travels in North America. This is not the place to eulogize one, whose monument will be—“ The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.” ‘The memory of his many virtues and ever ready assistance with heart, head and hand, cannot ever be for- gotten by those who saw and experienced them. Capt. Smyth, late President of the Royal Geographical Society, at the annual address to that Society, alluded in a pleasing way to Mr. Doubleday’s general geographical information. In matters connected with the United States he took a special interest. Mr. Bennett’s account of our late secretary, read at the anniversary meeting of the Lin- nean Society, gives a very good account of his labours. The portrait of him, published by the Ipswich Society, and lithographed by Mr. Maguire from a Daguerrotype by his friend Mr. Bower- bank, will recall his intelligent and manly expression to his friends, while the profile medallion by Mr. Bernhard Smith, of Foley Place, is ‘“ likeness itself.” Mr, Ford made an able litho- graph from this medallion.
It may be objected, that it is contrary to the Linnean canon to name genera of insects after entomologists; but there can surely be no more reason for calling a showy or singular plant after a botanist, than a curious or fine insect after one who loved to study them. It would be well, however, if zoologists and bota- ists would follow Mr. Westwood’s plan in naming Erichsonia, and not use the privilege till the naturalist was dead.
* L. bicolor (Fabr.) Say. Amer. Ent. t. 39, lower fig. (Ohio.) B2
4 Mr. F. Smith on the
II. Note on the Pediculus Melittee of Kirby. By F. Smrru, Esq.
[Read 2nd February, 1852. ]
As everything connected with the history of the genus Meloé must be highly interesting to the Entomologist, I have considered it desirable to lay before the Society a circumstance which, how- ever perplexing it may appear, and however unsatisfactory it may be pronounced to be, is still intimately connected with an insect, the economy of which long proved a problem in natural history.
Mr. Newport, in his admirable paper on Meloé, published in the Linnean Transactions, mentions having found a larva resem- bling that of Meloé in form, but of a deep black colour, and having brown eyes, on a specimen of Osmia spinulosa; and he further observes, ‘this is certainly not the larva of either of the species of Meloés which I have observed ;” although he says, “ I am equally satisfied that it is the larva of some genus of the same family.”
Now however probable this assumption may appear, and cer- tainly it receives considerable support from the fact that the larvee of several allied genera bear a striking resemblance to that of Meloé, still the assumption requires confirmation, based upon actual observation; for without such evidence we may hereafter learn that it was founded in error, so frequently do we see the early stages of one animal represented in the perfect state of another. M. Leon Dufour considered this animal to be an apte- rous perfect insect,* as also did Mr. Kirby, who named it Pedi- culus Melitta. The opinion of Entomologists, generally, has been against these assumptions, but I think it will become a subject of greater perplexity than ever, and, at the same time, one of greater interest, when I relate the following observation.
On the 6th of April last, I visited a bank containing a colony of Anthophora Haworthana ; at that period the bees were in asemi- torpid state, it being about six weeks earlier than their usual time of appearance. I placed a number of bees separately in pill boxes, and on examining them some days afterwards I was sur- prised to see several living specimens of the Pediculus running over the bees. ‘This observation appears to me to render the question even more perplexing than before, or it is confirmatory
* Ann. des Sc, Nat. 1828,
Pediculus Melitta of Kirby. 5
of Leon Dufour’s opinion, that these supposed larvee are in fact perfect insects.
In the history of all parasites, with which I am acquainted, their development is simultaneous with that of the insects upon which they are parasitic; but here we have a supposed parasite, in a supposed early stage of development, found in company with the perfect bee upon which it is supposed to be parasitic; it is certain that as the Anthophore had never quitted their cells, the Pedicult must either have found their own way into the nest, or have been conveyed thither by the parent bee of the previous season.
Assuming the latter to be the case, we find a creature in every respect similar to those deposited, after twelve months have elapsed, neither changed in form or colouring, and Mr. Newport has shown, that although he found full grown larva of Meloé in plenty in the cells of Anthophore, he did not meet with any in earlier stages, so that it is reasonable to suppose that the larva of Meloé conveyed into the bees’ cells arrives at the perfect condition by the following spring. Further observation will, I hope, enable me to elucidate this subject; in its present position I am inclined to regard the Pediculus as being a perfect insect, which resides in the nests of bees, feeding on the pollen, and depositing its egg and undergoing its metamorphoses in the cells of bees; in fact it may be regarded as an insect of similar habits to the Acari which infest Humble-bees, and live in great numbers in their nests, feeding on the honey and wax, and to be observed there during summer in various stages of development.
* In the Rev. W. Kirby’s own interleaved copy of the ‘‘ Monographia Apum Anglia” I observed a manuscript note appended to the description of Anthidium Manicatum to the following effect :—‘‘ On opening one of the cells of this bee, I was surprised to observe a Pediculus exactly corresponding in form with the Pediculus Melitta, but of a bright yellow colour.” It does not state whether the cell contained a larva, a perfect insect, or any thing besides the Pediculus.
6 Mr. W. 8. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
III. Descriptions of some new Species of Hemipterous In- sects belonging to the Tribe Scutata. By W.S. Dallas, Esq., ELS:
[Read 2nd February, 1852.]
My principal object in the present paper is to publish descriptions of various species of Hemiptera, belonging to some of the smaller genera proposed or adopted by me in the first part of the Catalogue of Hemipterous Insects contained in the Collection of the British Museum.
Most of these insects are in my own collection; for two of them I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Westwood, and one is unique in the collection of this Society.
Family ASOPID. Genus Optomus, Spin.
Oplomus elongatus, n. s. (PI. I. fig. 1.)
O. elongatus, ceruleus, virescenti-nitens, punctatus; elytrorum corio opaco; abdominis maculis 3 spinaque basali, femori- bus omnibus tibiisque posticis et intermediis fulvis; geniculis, tibiis anticis totis, alterisque apice, tarsis, antennis rostroque nigris. 3.
Long. lin. 53 (m. 0.012).
Hab. in Brasilia? In Mr. Westwood’s collection.
Very elongate, deep blue, shining, tinged with green. Head, above, rather thickly punctured, but with two smooth longitudinal bands on the vertex between the ocelli; beneath thickly and finely pinetured. Eyes brown; ocelli yellow.. Antenne black, clothed with a pale pubescence ; basal joint tinged with blue. Rostrum pitchy black, becoming pitchy towards the apex. Pronotum with the lateral margins waved, the lateral angles very slightly promi- nent; the surface convex, rather thickly and finely punctured, with a narrow smooth line down the centre. Scutellum rather sparingly and finely punctured at the base; the apical portion with a smooth, impunctate, raised line down the middle, on each side of which the surface is very thickly and finely punctured ; the lateral mar- gins thickly and finely punctured, leaving a narrow impunctate space on each side between the margin and the band of punctures which accompanies the central raised line. Breast thickly and finely punctured, with a smooth space on each side of the medipectus ;
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. 7
the posterior margin of the medipectus, and the margins of the orifice of the odoriferous apparatus, black; mesosternum with a slight yellow keel. Coxe brown; thighs and trochanters orange, the former with their apices blackish; anterior tibiae violet black, shining, sparingly punctured ; intermediate and posterior tibiz orange, blackish at the base, violet black at the apex, finely pu- bescent; tarsi black, tinged with violet, pubescent ; claws reddish orange. Elytra with the coriaceous portion deep blue black, opaque, very faintly and not thickly punctured ; the outer margin shining, with two rows of coarse punctures; apical margin smooth and shining; membrane brownish violet, shining. Margins of the abdomen very thickly and minutely punctured. Abdomen beneath rather thickly and finely punctured on the sides; disc smooth, with three large orange spots, placed on the third, fourth and fifth segments ; basal spine orange, reaching the intermediate coxe.
This insect is distinguished from all the species of Oplomus hitherto described, by its very elongate form, and the prominence of the lateral angles of its thorax ; in other respects, however, it agrees precisely with the other species of that genus.
Family SCIOCORIDA. Genus Scrocoris, Fall.
The genus Sciocoris appears to be peculiar to the eastern he- misphere, throughout which it is pretty generally distributed, species being found in the three old continents, in the eastern archipelago, and in Australia. Of the typical group of the genus (or Sciocoris prop.), however, including S. wmbrinus and its imme- diate allies, no Australian species has hitherto, as far as 1 am aware, been described. This want will be supplied by the present species, for which I propose the name of—
Sciocoris australis, n.s. (PI.1. fig. 2.)
S. pallidus, fusco-punctatus ; capite subelongato, lineis 2 fuscis approximatis ; scutello basi utrinque vitta parva albida; ab- dominis marginibus nigro-maculatis, ventre lineis 2 e punctis fuscis ; antennis tarsisque apice nigris. @.
Long. lin. 3 (m. 0.006).
Hab. in Nove Hollandiz parte Australiore. In my own col-
lection.
Ovate. Head longer than broad, with the lateral margins sinu- ated in front of the eyes; above pale yellow, thickly and finely
8 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
punctured, with the lateral margins brownish, and two approxi- mated brown longitudinal lines converging in front, running from base to apex; beneath testaceous, rather thickly punctured. Eyes black. Antennze with the three first joints pale brown, the second and third joints about equal in length; fourth and fifth joints black, fourth longer than the preceding, fifth longer than the fourth. Rostrum brown, becoming black at the apex. Pronotum tes- taceous, rather thickly and finely punctured with brown. Scu- tellum rather narrow, elongate, with the sides nearly parallel, very slightly narrowed towards the apex ; testaceous, finely punctured with brown, thickly at the base and on the sides, more sparingly on the disc; with a small black impression in each basal angle, and within this on each side a small, slightly elevated, impunctate whitish spot, from which a slightly elevated, impunctate line runs towards the apex of the scutellum, which bears a small brown spot. Breast testaceous, rather thickly punctured, the punctures of va- rious sizes, and either brown or colourless; postpectus with a large dull yellowish patch, punctured with brown, on each side at the orifice of the odoriferous apparatus. Legs testaceous, clothed with shortish hairs ; tarsi with the apical joint and the tips of the claws pitchy black. Elytra with the coriaceous portion pale tes- taceous, thickly and finely punctured with brown, with a double row of larger brown punctures parallel to the suture of the clavus, and two longitudinal impunctate lines on the apical portion ; the membrane opaque, brownish, with brown nervures. Projecting margins of the abdomen pale testaceous, sparingly and finely punctured with brown, with a small black spot at the junction of each segment. Abdomen beneath yellowish testaceous, thickly covered with very fine pale brown points, and with a longitudinal band of dark brown points on each side, considerably within the stigmata ; stigmata black.
Genus Mecipea, Dall.
It may not be out of place to mention here, that the genus Cerataulax, proposed by M. Victor Signoret at p. 335 of the last volume of the Annales de la Sociéte Entomologique de France, is identical with the above-named genus; the species described by him being, however, quite distinct from both those previously described by me in the British Museum Catalogue. ‘The distinc- tive characters of the three species are subjoined.
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. 9
*Antennarum articulo secundo tertio multo longiori.
1. Mecidea quadrivittata.
Cerataulax quadrivittatus, Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2me ser., ix. 336, pl. 10, f. 9 & 9a.
M. albida, supra fusco-punctatissima; linea media thoracis et scutelli, thoracis linea utrinque marginibusque elytrorum albidis ; corpore subtus utrinque fascia longitudinali e punctis fuscis; antennis fuscis. ¢.
Long. lin. 5—6 (m. 0.011—0.013).
Hab. in Insula Mauritius. In Mr. Westwood’s and M. Sig-
noret’s collections.
2. Mecidea Indica. Dall. Cat. Hem. 139.1. Pl. 3, fig. 3.
M. pallide testacea, punctatissima, linea media thoracis et scutelli impunctata; antennis obscurioribus. ¢ ¢. Long. lin. 5 (mm. 0.011). Hab. in India Orientali. In the collections of the British Mu- seum and of Mr. Saunders.
+ Antennarum articulis secundo et tertio longitudine fere zequalibus.
3. Mecidea linearis. Dall. Cat. Hem. 139. 2.
M. griseo-lutea, fusco-punctata ; membrana hyalina; corpore subtus utrinque fascia longitudinali fusca. ¢.
Long. lin. 43 (m. 0.009).
Hab. ? In the collection of the British Museum.
Genus Aipnus, Dall.
I have proposed (British Museum Catalogue of Hemiptera, p- 144), the formation of a genus under this name, for the recep- tion of a species of the family Sceocorid@, distinguished by the large size of its scutellum, which reaches nearly to the apex of the body, and thus gives it a considerable resemblance to some members of the Scutelleroid group, especially the Podopide. 1 have now to lay before the Society the description of a second species of the genus, which still more closely resembles the Podopide in its general form, and might easily be mistaken for a
10 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
Podops at the first glance. The structure of the elytra, however, removes it at once from the Scutelleroides, for no portion of the inner or apical margins of the corium is covered by the scutel- Jum: whilst in all Scutelleroides the inner margin, with a portion of the apical one, passes under the edge of the scutellum.
The species described by me in the British Museum Catalogue, under the name of Mdnus obscurus, inhabits the Philippine Islands and Java; the present species is from Hong Kong.
fdnus ventralis, n. s. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)
/E. fusco-griseus, nigro-punctatissimus ; abdominis disco nigro ; antennis testaceis, apice fuscescentibus; pedibus luteis, nigro- punctatis. g ¢.
Long. lin, 3—33 (m. 0.006).
Hab. *“‘ Hong Kong.” In my own collection.
Ovate, rather convex, pale greyish brown, very thickly and finely punctured with black. Head rather small, very minutely punctured with black both above and beneath. Eyes pale; ocelli yellowish. Antenne slender, rather sparingly clothed with short hairs; three first joints testaceous, fourth joint pale brown, with the base testaceous; fifth joint pale brown. Rostrum yellow. Pronotum very thickly and finely punctured with black, with the punctures more distant on a slightly impressed space, which crosses the disc about the middle, forming a pale transverse band; immediately in front of this impressed space are four small pale tubercles. Scutellum very large, reaching very nearly to the apex of the body, constricted a little before the middle; very thickly and finely punctured with black, more thickly punctured and somewhat rugose towards the base, where there is a small smooth whitish point on each side within the basal angles; the basal angles themselves black. Breast rather darker than the upper surface, very thickly and finely punctured with black. Legs yellow; thighs with numerous black or brown points, the anterior pair with a double row of small black spines on the lower surface; tibize with a few brown points, and with a few minute bristles along the edges. Elytra with the coriaceous portion rather less thickly punctured than che thorax and scutel- lum ; membrane transparent, colourless. Wings semitransparent, iridescent. Abdomen beneath deep shining black, slightly brassy, very thickly and finely punctured; the margins pale griseous,
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. 11
thickly and finely punctured with black ; the edges with small black spots at the junctions of the segments.
Fam. HALYDIDE.
Genus Dinrpor, Lap. Dinidor lineatus, n. s. (PI. I. fig. 4.)
D. testaceus, fusco-punctatus, pilosus; thorace lineis 4 nigris; scutello elytrisque nigro- vel fusco-lineatis; antennarum ar- ticulis 1 et 2 testaceis, subtus et secundo apice nigris, 3 et 4 basi albis, apice nigris. ¢.
Long. lin. 8 (m. 0.017).
Hab. in Americe meridionalis provincia “ Para” dicta. In my own collection.
Ovate, testaceous. Head bifid in front; above rather thickly and coarsely punctured with brown, pilose, with a brown line down each side of the central lobe and two others on the vertex ; beneath smooth, with a few brown punctures, pilose ; antenniferous tubercles black above. Eyes brown; ocelli reddish. Antenne with the basal joint greyish testaceous above, black beneath and on the sides ; second joint above greyish testaceous, with the apex black, beneath black; first and second joints clothed with rather long slender hairs; third and fourth joints yellowish white at the base, black at the apex, with the extreme tip of the fourth joint whitish, both joints clothed with short fine hairs. Rostrum yellowish tes- taceous, with the tip black. Pronotum hexagonal, with the postero- lateral margins shortest, the antero-lateral margins slightly waved and fringed with longish hairs, the lateral angles rather acute but not prominent; irregularly punctured with brown, but with two rows of the punctures so placed as to enclose between them a central longitudinal impunctate line; the disc with four black lon- gitudinal lines, of which the two central run from immediately behind the ocelli, becoming more distant towards the posterior mar- gin; the two lateral, which are slightly waved, run from a little within the anterior angles to the postero-lateral margins a little way from the posterior angles. Scutellum rather long, somewhat pointed at the apex, pilose, punctured with brown, more coarsely at the base, more finely towards the apex, with a blackish line on each side at the base, within each basal angle, and two black lines on the dise neither reaching the base nor the apex, and enclosing between them a slight flat ridge, which is on a level with the elevated
12 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
basal portion. Breast somewhat fulvous, punctured with brown, with an indistinct blackish band on each side close to the lateral margin; sternum deeply furrowed, impunctate. Legs fulvous, very pilose; claws tipped with black. Elytra with the coria- ceous portion testaceous, not very thickly punctured with brown, the punctures of the disc finer than those of the margins ; the disc with a brown line along the course of the submarginal nervure, and an indistinct line of the same colour within this, running from about the middle of the disc to the middle of the apical margin; membrane brown, with white nervures. Margins of the abdomen testaceous, punctured with brown, and fringed like the thorax with hairs, with a black mark at the junction of each segment. Abdomen beneath fulvous, pilose, punctured with brown on the sides, the disc impunctate; with a band formed of con- fluent black points on each side close to the lateral margin; apical portion of the basal vulvar plates black.
Family PENTATOMID.
Genus Troricoris, Hahn.
This genus, established by Hahn for the reception of the Cimex rufipes, Linn., has hitherto contained only that species. It is placed among the Rhaphigastrides by Amyot and Serville, the typical spe- cies having a very minute spine at the base of the abdomen, but it must be considered rather as a transition from that group to the true Pentatomides,—the species which I have now to describe not possessing the slightest trace of a ventral spine, although in most other respects agreeing precisely with the 7". rufipes.
Tropicoris latus,n.s. (PI. I. fig. 5.)
T. supra griseo-fuscus, nigro-punctatus, subtus cum pedibus fulvus; capite, thorace antice, abdominisque marginibus nigro-eeneis, his albido-maculatis; puncto albido in singulo elytro. 9.
Long. lin. 6 (0.012).
Hab. in Brasilia? In my own collection,
Broadly ovate, above brown, very thickly and finely punctured with black. Head above blackish, tinged with brassy green, with the tip of the central lobe orange; the lateral lobes in this speci- men scarcely meet in front of the central lobe; beneath pale ful- vous, with a few scattered punctures. Eyes brown; ocelli reddish.
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. 13
Antenne with the basal joint yellow; second joint whitish, with a blackish line on each side; third joint a little shorter than the second, pitchy, with the apex black, the base white; fourth joint longest, black, with the base white; fifth joint wanting; third and fourth joints sparingly clothed with fine hairs, Rostrum reaching the base of the abdomen, pale fulvous, with the apex and a line down the suture pitchy black; labrum with a slender black line down the middle. Pronotum transverse, with the lateral angles produced into large truncated processes, having their anterior angles rounded off, the posterior acute; antero-lateral margins faintly denticulated ; dise brown, very thickly and finely punctured with black, and with two minute whitish points towards the anterior margin; anterior and antero-lateral margins and lateral processes blackish, tinged with brassy green. Scutellum triangular, nearly equilateral, brown, very thickly and finely punctured with black, especially towards the base, and with a minute whitish point in the centre of the base; apex concolorous. Elytra with the coria- ceous portion brown, thickly and finely punctured with black, especially along the outer margin, the basal portion of which is brassy green; the disc with a small whitish point a little behind the middle; membrane brown, margins of the abdomen black, tinged with brassy green, thickly and rather coarsely punctured, and with a small whitish spot in the middle of the margin of each segment. Thorax beneath pale fulvous, thickly punctured; the punctures near the insertions of the legs and all those on the meta- thorax blackish or brown; metathorax with a small, raised, dull space, marked with five or six distinct wrinkles on each side, close to the orifice of the odoriferous apparatus. Legs fulvous, with a few pale reddish brown points. Abdomen beneath fulvous, thickly and very finely punctured, with the central line of the disc smooth.
Genus Ampnaces, Dall.
This genus, proposed by myself, at p. 295 of the Catalogue of Hemiptera in the British Museum, is nearly allied to Acanthosoma, but is readily distinguished from it by the slight development here attained by the sternal keel and ventral spine. In the work above quoted I have described two species, which closely resemble each other in form and colour, differing principally in size and the rela- tive proportions of the joints of the antenne. ‘The species which I have now to describe, and of which a single specimen exists in the collection of this Society, is of a much more elongated form than either of these, and is entirely of a pale green colour. Like the other species it is from Australia.
14 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
Amphaces virescens, n.s. (PI. I. fig. 6.)
A. elongato-ovata, virescens, punctata; oculis fusco-rufis, ocellis rufis; antennarum articulis 4to. et 5to. fulvescentibus; rostro apice nigro. é. *
Long. lin. 6} (m. 0.013), hemelytrorum membrana inclusa.
Hab. in Australia. In the collection of the Entomological So- ciety of London.
Elongate-ovate, pale green. Head above minutely punctured and very finely wrinkled transversely; beneath finely wrinkled near the eyes, and with the disc minutely punctured. Eyes red- dish brown: ocelli red. Antennz with the three basal joints pale green, clothed, the basal joint very sparingly, the second and third more plentifully, with short hairs; basal joint rather strongly curved outwards at the apex; fourth and fifth joints fulvous (fifth darkest), very thickly clothed with minute hairs, which render their surface opaque; fourth joint nearly as long as the second. Ros- trum passing the posterior coxze, longer than in the other species, and with the fourth joint nearly as long as the first; pale greenish yellow, with the tip black. Prothorax above rather finely but not thickly punctured, with a slender smooth line down the centre, and a transverse impunctate patch on each side near the anterior margin; lateral margins very slightly reflexed ; dise with a faint transverse furrow across the middle; postero-lateral margins tubercular a little behind the lateral angles; posterior angles very indistinct ; prothorax beneath rather faintly punctured ; scutellum rather elongate, with the apex acuminated; the disc rather con- vex, especially towards the base, rather thickly punctured, with a narrow smooth line down the middle; meso- and metathorax beneath nearly impunctate, but with a large common dull patch on each side, surrounding the orifice of the odoriferous apparatus, from which a short curved canal, with raised margins, runs towards the lateral margin of the metathorax; sternal keel whitish. Legs pale; thighs smooth, naked; tibiz and tarsi rather sparingly clothed with hairs; claws tipped with black. Elytra with the coriaceous portion rather strongly, but not thickly punctured ; the lateral margins very slightly reflexed; the membrane whitish, semi-transparent, with the nervures concolorous. Abdomen be- neath strongly keeled in the centre, the keel smooth, becoming wider posteriorly so as to include the anal plate; the sides finely wrinkled transversely ; basal spine just passing the posterior coxz
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. 15
and touching the posterior point of the sternal keel; anal plate heart-shaped, dusky.
The anal plate in this specimen is raised so as to exhibit the more internal generative organs (fig. 6a), as is also frequently the case in Acanthosoma ; in some species of which genus (4. forfex, m. and elongatum, m.), the crescent-shaped dorsal plate (a*) attains avery great development. The same thing takes place in several instances in the males of the Urostylide.
Family UROSTYLIDZ.
The next insect that I propose to describe belongs to a group which includes insects presenting such singular characters as to render their location in any of the great groups of Hemiptera a matter of some difficulty. Mr. Westwood, who, in 1837, first described three of the species comprised in it, placed them at the end of Mr. Hope’s Catalogue of Scutelleride (Scutati, Burm.), and this is probably as nearly as possible their true position. Mr. White, in 1839, in describing (Mag. Nat. Hist. N.S. ii. 543, and Ent. Trans. iii. 94 [1842]) a new species belonging to the group, under the name of Calliprepes Grayti, considers it to be allied to Capsus; and Dr. Herrich Schaffer, in the same year (1839), in describing one of the species described in Hope’s Catalogue, under the new name of Typhlocoris semicircularis, re- gards it also as belonging to the Capsini, in which family, he says, if we do not consider the structure of the elytra as one of its characters, it may form a peculiar group, the character of which would be, ‘‘ Membrane with several distinct longitudinal nervures ; corium without an appendix.” As, however, the essential cha- racter of the Capsini is derived from the structure of the elytra, it would be manifestly absurd to admit into that family a group which was distinguished by not possessing that character. The error in both these cases arose from the authors referred to possess- ing only mutilated specimens of species of the genus Urolabida, in which the ocelli are wanting, giving them to a certain extent a more doubtful character than properly belongs to them. In the ninth volume of the Wanzenartigen Insecten, Dr. Herrich Schaffer re- curs to his genus Z'yphlocoris ; and whilst quoting as synonymous with it, Mr. Westwood’s genus Urostylis, which he must have known had five joints in its antenna, places it “ without doubt” amongst the Cecigeni of Amyot and Serville, in which the number of joints never exceeds four, and from which it differs in all its characters quite as much as from the Capsinz, In the first volume
16 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Descriptions of some
of the New Series of the Transactions of this Society (p. 1), in describing a new genus and species ( Urochela 4-punctata) belong- ing to this group, I stated it as my opinion, that the true posi- tion of these insects was in the tribe Scutala ; and in accordance with that view I have proposed, in the British Museum Catalogue of Hemiptera, the establishment of a distinct family for their re- ception under the name of Urostylide. The insects included in this family are arranged under three genera, Urochela, Urostylis, and Urolabida, the last of which is distinguished from the other two by the want of ocelli, and includes the Urolabida tenera of Hope, originally described as its type, the Urostylis histrionica of Hope (T'yphlocoris semicircularis, H. Sch.), and the Calliprepes Gray of White, which is distinguished from the other two species by having the female generative organs of the ordinary form, and not produced into large forceps-like processes.
In the other two genera, as in the Scutata generally, the ocelli are present. The first, Urochela, which is distinguished from Urostylis by its stout antenne, the first joint of which is not much longer than the head, contains three described species, viz., the typical species U. 4-punctata, and U. bimaculata and obscura described in the Museum Catalogue. The genus Urostylis, distinguished by its very long slender antennz, of which the basal joint is as long as the head and thorax together, also contains three described species —U. punctigera, Hope, and U. gracilis and pallida of the Museum collection. I have now to add a fourth species to this genus.
Genus Urostytis, Westw.
Urostylis notulata, n. s.
U. supra testacea, fusco-punctata; elytrorum corii margine apicali fusco, medio flavo; corpore subtus fulvescenti, ab- dominis lateribus rufis, margine summo luteo ; antennis fuscis, articulo basali testaceo, fusco-punctato, ¢.
Long. lin. 6—6} (m. 0.0125—0.0135).
Hab. in Indiz orientalis parte boreali. In Mr. Westwood’s and my own collection.
Ovate, above pale testaceous. Head rather small, triangular, broader than long; impunctate, faintly wrinkled, with a small oblique pit on each side within the eyes; the apex of the lobes and the whole underside of the head pale yellow. Eyes dark brown; ocelli reddish. Antenniferous tubercles brown. An-
new Species of Hemipterous Insects. ee
tenne clothed with very small whitish hairs; the basal joint testacecus, becoming dusky towards the apex, and covered with very minute brown punctures; second, third and fourth joints brown, the fourth rather paler than the others. Rostrum pale yellow, with the extreme tip black. Pronotum broader than long, trapezoidal, with the anterior angles rounded off; pale testaceous, rather thickly punctured with brown, with an abbreviated longi- tudinal red line on the centre of the anterior portion; the disc with a faint transverse furrow or impression before the middle ; the portion between this furrow and the anterior margin elevated ; pro- thorax beneath testaceous, finely punctured with brown, and with a pale reddish patch within each antero-lateral angle. Scutellum testaceous, rather thickly punctured with brown. Meso- and metathorax beneath pale fulvous, smooth, impunctate, with a large dull pale brown patch on each side. Legs clothed with fine whitish hairs; thighs yellowish testaceous, covered with fine brown points ; tibize and tarsi dusky; claws brown. Elytra with the coriaceous portion testaceous, thickly and rather finely punc- tured ; the punctures pale brown, the apical margin brown, with the central portion yellow; membrane transparent, colourless, with a dark brown spot in the inner basal angle. Wings semi- transparent, brownish. Abdomen above bright red, shining, very finely wrinkled transversely, with a blackish line on each side within the margins ; the margins brownish testaceous, edged with brown. Abdomen beneath with the disc pale fulvous, flat, shining, finely wrinkled transversely, covered with very minute brown points; the sides red ; the margins testaceous.
VOL. Il, N.S. PARTIL—JUNE, 18052. c
18 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Description
[V. Description of a new Species of the Genus Dinidor, belonging to the Hemiptera Scutata. By W.S. Dallas,
Esq., F.L.S. [Read 3rd May, 1852.]
As an addition to a paper which I had the honour of commu- nicating to this Society at its February meeting, I beg leave to lay before the Society the following description of a singular insect belonging to the genus Dinidor, Laporte.
Dinidor gibbus, n.s. (PI. I. fig. 7.)
D. fuscus, nigro-punctatus ; thorace spinoso; scutello basi valde elevato, gibbo, apice subemarginato, bituberculato, et tuber- culo obtuso pone medium; membrana fuscescente, fusco- reticulato. Q
Long. lin. 8. (M. 0.017.) Hab. in Brasilia. In Mr. Dossetor’s collection.
Broadly ovate, brown, punctured with black. Head entire, and somewhat pointed in front, the lateral lobes meeting in front of the central lobe, with their lateral margins slightly reflexed; above spotted and punctured with black; beneath with two longitudinal black stripes. Eyes brown; ocelli reddish. Antenne black, sparingly pilose ; last joint wanting; basal joint with a few small orange-brown spots; second joint very long, with a slight constriction near its base ; third joint about twice as long as the first, with its base reddish. Rostrum reaching the base of the ab- domen, pitchy brown, with the tip blackish, and the base of the second joint somewhat fulvous ; labrum testaceous. Pronotum with a small tooth at each anterior angle, its antero-lateral margins strongly waved, smooth, and its lateral angles acutely spinous ; the disc convex and coarsely punctured posteriorly, with an irre- gular thickly punctured black band across the middle; the an- terior portion sparingly and irregularly punctured. Scutellum with the base elevated into a large rounded tubercle, and with a small orange tubercle on each side on the basal angles; the dise with a small obtuse tubercle at the commencement of the narrow por- tion; the apex black, somewhat emarginate, with a slight tubercle on each side. Breast blackish, finely punctured, with a few orange- brown spots on each side; at the base of each leg a testaceous
of a new Species of the Genus Dinidor. 19
spot punctured with brown; mesosternum brown. Legs brownish orange, mottled with black; tibize with an indistinct orange ring in the middle ; tarsi reddish, with the basal joint, the apex of the third joint, and the tips of the claws, black. Elytra; coriaceous portion brownish testaceous, rather thickly and finely punctured and mottled with brown; membrane brownish, semi-transparent, closely reticulated with brown nervures. Margins of the abdo- men fulvous, punctured and spotted with black. Abdomen be- neath brownish fulvous, very flat, with a distinct, smooth central furrow, the sides covered with small, black, somewhat confluent spots.
This species is rendered very remarkable by the form of its scutellum, of which the base is elevated into a large rounded tubercle, and the apex slightly emarginate, and bituberculate. The membrane of the elytra is also much more closely reticulated with brown nervures than in any other described species of Dinidor.
V. Apparatus for destroying Mould on Insects, by the Vapour of Spirits of Wine. Invented by M. Vicror Guitiant, Employé au Museum Royal de Turin. Com- municated by Joun Curtis, Esq., F.L.S.
{Read 1st March, 1852. ]
One of the most important objects, after amassing a collection of insects, is to secure its preservation ; and one of the most essential requisites is a substantially-built and dry house. I need not enumerate the difficulties in tropical countries to secure preserved specimens of natural history from destruction ; and even in North America the conditions of the climate, in some parts, are so pecu- liar, that at certain periods it seems next to an impossibility to preserve such objects from the effects of damp. In England there are three enemies to contend with—lIst, insects, such as the larvee of Tinea, Anobia, Anthreni, Acari, and an Atropos; 2ndly, grease exuding from dead specimens; and lastly, mouldiness.
With any degree of care, none of the insect enemies are to be feared, excepting the Atropos ; and in glazed drawers or air-tight boxes, with a constant supply of camphor, the contents are secure from these active little pests. Thanks to the experiments of Lepidopterists, a remedy is found against the greasing of insects,
c2
20 Mr. Curtis on an Apparatus
either by embowelling the larger moths, especially the males, or saturating them with pure spirits of turpentine or camphine, and then covering them with pipe-clay or magnesia.* The last plague is mouldiness; and I believe, as houses and villas are now built around the metropolis, with walls one brick thick, often on a clay soil, as well as in damp and wooded districts, this disease is not to be avoided. In the various houses I have inhabited in the west end of London, and even at St. John’s-Wood, my collections never suffered from mould; but when I resided at Hayes, in Middlesex, on a tenacious soil, I found my collections, after four years, suffering so extensively from mould, that I determined on returning to town; and, by regular attention, I observe it is fast disappearing.
As this is so important a subject to many of our scientific friends residing in the country, I made it one of my objects, in visiting the museums on the continent, to learn the best means of restoring a mouldy collection to a clean and healthy state ; and I am happy in being able to communicate a mode, safe, cheap and expeditious. Instead of washing the specimens individually with alcohol, or sub- mitting them to the vapour of bruised laurel leaves—by the pro- cess I wish to submit to the Society, forty drawers may be cured in a morning, without removing a single specimen, at the expense of half a pint of alcohol.
My friend M. Ghiliani gave me permission to make known this admirable plan, and was so obliging as to put it in practice, that I might be convinced of its efficacy, and, at the same time, entirely comprehend the process. It was a box of large mouldy beetles, &c., which was subjected to the operation, and in three minutes every specimen was freed from mould.
The apparatus consisted of a stool, a pan and a lamp, which I will now describe. (Pl. II.) The stool (fig. A.) must have a flat top (1), larger than the, drawers or boxes infected, say two feet square(C). A circular hole (2) is cut in the centre, large enough to admit a tapering pan (B). Round this aperture is a square frame attached (3), about two inches broad, and one and a-half inch deep; upon two sides of this a little spline (4) is fixed, about half-an-inch square. The pan (B) should be of block-tin, . four and a-half inches deep in the clear, three or three and a-half inches broad at the top, with a rim (5) three-quarters of an inch broad, having the two edges slightly raised. A small hand- lamp (6), with oil and a cotton-wick, is necessary, and three or four pieces of wood, like bungs (7).
* All these remedies have been described in the Zoologist and other periodicals.
for destroying Mould on Insects. o 2!
When required, fill the pan (B), (not more than half-full of Pirits of wine (see the dotted line 8), otherwise it might boil over,) and drop it into the aperture (2); then light the lamp, and place it upon as many of the blocks as will raise it sufficiently for the flame to heat the spirit. As soon as it boils, take the drawer of insects, reverse it, and place it upon the frame, over the pan, from which the vapour is arising, keeping it close down for one, two or three minutes, according to the size of the insects, when the mould will have vanished : then hold the drawer before a brisk fire, or place it in the sun for a short time, and the operation is terminated. Where many drawers are to be cleansed, as soon as one is taken off the stool to be dried, another may be placed over the bath, and thus a dozen may be done in half-an-hour. Great care must be taken not to let the spirits boil over, which is scarcely possible if the pan be only half-filled ; and the raised edges of the rim not only strengthen the pan, but prevent any spirits from running over. If a lid be placed over the pan, it will very soon boil, when of course it must be removed. j
There is another advantage by this process. All mites and de- structive larve of insects are instantly annihilated, without the slightest injury to the collection.
Dr. Chavannes, of Lausanne, tells me he purifies his collections, when infested by destructive insects, by admitting into his boxes sulphuretted hydrogen, but that is an operation which it would not be safe to entrust to any persons who are not accustomed to che- mical experiments.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE, (¢P1. If.) Fig. A, A 4-legged stool drawn in perspective. 1. The top. 2. A circular hole. 3. A raised square frame. 4. A spline or bead to confine the drawer and keep it in its place during the operation.*
6. A lamp. 7. Three small blocks of wood.
B. The pan of block-tin. 5. The rim, with raised edges. 8. Level of the alcohol.
C. Diagram to show nearly the relative proportions of the top of the stool ; the figures according with those employed in Fig. A.
* When smaller drawers or boxes are to be purified, a smaller frame may be placed inside of fig. 3 for them to rest upon, so that no vapour may escape; and as this is a sketch of M. Ghiliani’s first idea, many other improvements may suggest themselves to those who employ the apparatus.
22 Mr. W. C. Hewitson’s Descriptions
VI. Descriptions of Five new Species of Butterflies, of the Family Papilionide. By W. C. Hewirson. [Read 3rd May, 1852.]
a
Papilio Telearchus. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.)
Upperside. Anterior wing of a rich purple, triangular and pointed at the apex, with an oval spot of blue at the end of the cell, a submarginal row of eight triangular spots of blue and white further from the apex than the rest of the outer margin. Half way between this row of spots and the spot at the end of the cell, a second parallel row of seven larger triangular blue spots, that nearest the anal angle double. Posterior wing brown, with a submarginal line of indistinct black spots, those nearest the upper margin pupilled with blue.
Underside light rufous brown, with a submarginal line of white spots corresponding with those above. Anterior wing with a basal white spot. Posterior wing with two.
Exp. 44/5 inch.
Hab. Sylhet.
In my own collection.
This species is very closely allied to the P. Paradoxa of Java, from which it scarcely differs in marking, except in the relative distance of the blue spots from the outer margin. It is, however, very different in the contour of the anterior wing. Whilst that of P. Paradoxa is rounded at the tip, the wing af P. Telearchus is lengthened to a point. It is, too, a much larger butterfly, and bears no closer likeness to P. Paradoxa than some of the Eupleas of different species (which it represents in the genus Papilio) do to each other.
Papilio Pausanias. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)
Upperside black, the base of each wing glossed with bluish- green; anterior wing oblong and narrow, rounded at the tip, the outer margin nearly straight, with a central spot of yellow—one half of which is in the middle of the cell, the other below the median nervure and tripartite. At the apex around almost transparent patch. Posterior wing very short, dentated, with a submarginal row of white lunular spots. '
Underside brown. Anterior wing in markings as above. Pos- terior wing with the white lunules of the upperside, and above them a row of similar lunules (but more pointed) of crimson, with parallel
of Five new Species of Butterflies. 23
rays of light brown between them and the cell. The ray nearest the inner margin joined to a line of crimson proceeding from the base of the wing. Some basal spots of the same colour.
Exp. 33 inch.
Hab. Surinam and the River Amazon.
This species is most nearly allied to P. Choridamas (Boisduval), and is especially interesting from the close resemblance which it bears to Heliconia Clytia.
The first specimen which I have seen was added to my collec- tion by the liberality of Mr. Charles Simm, of the Royal En- gineers, who brought it from Surinam; others have since been sent home by Messrs. Bates and Wallace, from the River Amazon. Mr. Bates states that it is found “at the edge of the water in the Lake of Ega, when the river is falling.”
Papilio Chabrias. (P1. VI. fig. 8)
Upperside black. Anterior wing with three small oval spots of dirty white in a line parallel to the outer margin ; one near the apex, the other two near together, and half-way between the first and the inner margin of the wing. Posterior wing strongly den- tated, with a large spot of yellow below the middle, divided by nervures into six unequal parts.
Female without the spots on the anterior wing. The posterior wing with the spot of yellow divided into four oblong parts below the cell.
Exp. 23 to 3 inches,
Hab. River Amazon.
In the collection of Mr. Saunders.
Nearly allied to P. Triopas, from which it differs in the form of the anterior wing, and in having the spots on both wings much nearer to the outer margin.
M. Lacordaire, speaking of P. Triopas, says that it flies low and near the ground, having probably met with the female only. Mr. Bates tells me that “the male flies rather high in pathways or thinned parts of the deep forest, but that the female flies low over the fallen leaves and low plants.”
Papilio Orellana. (PI. V. fig. 2.)
Upperside black. Anterior wing pointed, glossed with purple except near the apex, which is lighter. Posterior wing also glossed with purple near the base, dentated, one of the teeth slightly prolonged. The whole of the space below the cell (in-
24 Mr. W.C. Hewitson’s Descriptions.
cluding a part of the cell), the margins excepted, of a dull vinous crimson, with four bright clear crimson spots near its lower margin. A spot of crimson on the anal fold.
Underside black, with the four bright spots only of the upper- side, and a fifth at the anal angle.
Exp. 3, inch.
Hab. River Amazon.
The only specimen of this very distinct species which I have seen is in the private collection of Mr. Bates, at whose suggestion I have named it after one of the explorers of the Amazon.
Mr. Bates (who has kindly sent me some interesting notes on the diurnal Lepidoptera), in speaking of that section of the genus Papilio to which this species belongs, says, “ that they are seen only in the shades of the forest, most frequently in the moister portions of it. They are generally of slow flight. Whilst the males are rather bolder and aspire to the flowers of the lower trees, the females wander about threading» the mazes of the forest and settling on leaves of low plants, on which I have frequently seen them depositing thgir ova. The boldest flier of the beautiful creatures is the male of P. Sesostris, which sweeps grandly at times from near the ground to the summit of the lofty forest.”
Papilio Sakontala, (P1. V. fig. 1.)
Upperside black. Anterior wing pointed, with numerous in- distinct rays of a lighter colour between the median nervure and the outer margin, and in the cell. Posterior wing oval, dentated, one of the teeth produced into a short tail; crossed near the middle by a curved band of indistinct unequal white spots, the three between the median nervules larger than the rest, and oval. A very small lunule of scarlet af the anal angle.
Underside. Anterior wing as above, but lighter. Posterior wing with the central band more distinct and formed of seven spots, decreasing in size towards each margin. The first four spots of this band (counting from the upper margin) followed be- tween them and the outer margin by yellow lunules; the sixth by two lunules, one near the band obverse and lilac, the other near the margin, scarlet; the seventh (at the anal angle) by a large oblong spot of the same colour, with a black centre.
Exp. 3,8, inch.
Hab. Sylhet. s
The only specimen I have seen is in“my own cabimet. It is most nearly allied to P. Polytes of Cramer, which is said by-some to be the female of P.. Pammon.
( 25.)
VII. Characters of undescribed Coleoptera, brought from China by R. Fortune, Esq. By W. Witson Saunpers, F.LS., M.E.S. &e.
[Read 3rd May, 1852.]
Tue Entomology of China is yet but very imperfectly known, notwithstanding that the Collections of Entomologists have been abundantly supplied with specimens from that country during a long series of years. This peculiarity is chiefly to be attributed to the restrictive system of the Chinese, which, until within a very late period, prevented travellers and collectors from investigating the natural productions of this remarkable part of the world, and to the fact that the only entomological specimens to be obtained were those collected for sale by natives in the vicinity of Canton. The China- man, with little of the philosophy of Entomology about him, during his researches after insects kept chiefly in view the bright, beautiful, and large in size, his object being to please the eye only. He cared little about the less showy and small species, these not suiting his purpose ; and we therefore find, in the Chinese collec- tions, the same species occurring over and over again, and ar- ranged into cases with the same precision and uniformity; the object being to make a pretty picture, by placing the specimens in curves or radiating lines having a common centre, and without any attempt at classification or putting allied forms together. Flies, bees, moths, and beetles, were placed side by side without distinction, and the species were only valued for their various hues and tints, and for their beauty and brightness; and the ruling idea in placing the specimens in the cases seems to have been to form a pretty and lively pattern, much in the same way that the worker in inlaid woods contrasts his materials to pro- duce a pleasing effect. Collections so formed came to Europe of ancient date, and the species contained in them have been well described by Entomologists, exciting much interest from their great beauty and remarkable forms. This interest, however, gradually declined, from the want of novelty in the increasing number of specimens which found their way to Europe; so great, indeed, was the supply at last, and so little the demand, that a few years back more than 200 cases of these insects, each on the
26 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions
average containing more than 100 specimens, could not find a purchaser at two shillings and sixpence per case.
These picture collections gave a pleasing idea of the entomo- logical riches of China, containing, as they did, many beautiful species and peculiar forms; and the naturalist only longed for some chance which would increase his knowledge of an entomolo- gical fauna apparently so rich. From time to time, however, it may be remarked, a few specimens of Chinese insects, from locali- ties far from Canton, were sent home, the result chiefly of govern- ment expeditions, and the exertions of missionaries, or of indivi- duals to whom chance had given an opportunity of collecting. These extra sources were, however, not frequent, and the addi- tional number of species obtained from them were very limited, but still full of interest.
The opening of the trade with China, a few years since, was the first opportunity which offered for obtaining a more extended knowledge of the natural productions of the country ; and although at first jealousies and restrictions prevailed, these are now begin- ning to wear away, and we are at last, as far as Entomology is con- cerned, beginning to reap the advantages of the change.
The exertions of R. Fortune, Esq., a gentleman who has been able to penetrate into a very remarkable portion of the country, and whose very valuable and interesting narrative of his journey has just been published, has brought many new and remarkable species to light, adding greatly to our knowledge of the subject ; and J.C. Bowring, Esq., our corresponding member at Hong Kong, whose sphere of action is more limited, has shown by the very interesting collections he has sent to this Society, that he is ably investigating the Entomology of his district, and doing much for the science.
It is, however, to the labours of the former gentleman that I am desirous of drawing the attention of the Society, as I purpose in this and other communications to describe a portion of the new species discovered by Mr. Fortune; and the remainder, excepting the Lepidoptera, 1 am happy to say, will be taken in hand by other Entomologists, who have offered their services, and who will do the subject full justice. I except the Lepidoptera, for a part of this order has been undertaken by Mr. G. R. Gray, who has read an interesting paper before the Zoological Society on the diurnal species ; and it is to be hoped that the new species belong-
ing to the nocturnal families may be described by one so well qualified for the task.
of undescribed Chinese Coleoptera. 27
Much praise is due to Mr. Fortune for the attention he was able to give to the subject of insects during his interesting journey after plants and seeds of the tea shrub, for it must be borne in mind, that Entomology formed no portion of his arduous duties, and it was only a desire to make himself generally useful to the scientific world which induced him to collect insects, he well knowing how interesting they would prove to the Entomologist.
Mr. Fortune has kindly furnished me with a short account of the district from whence the greater portion of the specimens were obtained. He informs me, that this district is included between the parallels of 26° and 32° north latitude, on the east coast of China. Some were taken on the Island of Chusan and on other members of the Chusan Archipelago, but these form only a very small portion of the whole collection. Looking to a map of China, the country which he visited will be perceived at once. From the Islands of Chusan his researches were extended westward to 116° east longitude, that is to say, from about 122° to 116°; and hence it will be evident that he penetrated some considerable distance into the interior of the coun- try. With the exception of the great plain of Shanghai, the country visited is of a mountainous character, running into elevations from 1000 to 2000 feet in height. The chief of the larger and more interesting species were obtained from this elevated district. Clay, slate, and granite, are the most abundant rocks in this hill country. The soil is generally of a reddish colour, composed of clay, sand, and vegetable matter, and much mixed with particles of the rocks of the country. The vegetation of the district appears to be lux- uriant and abundant.
Turning now to the specimens which Mr. Fortune collected— they consisted of insects of all orders, among which were a con- siderable number of well-known forms, combined with others of very great rarity, and a large number of altogether new species. Of the latter, those described hereafter will fully establish the value of Mr. Fortune’s researches; and I may mention, among insects of great rarity and interest, the following Coleoptera as particularly worthy of notice.
Dicronocephalus Wallichii 4, which had only previously been obtained from Nepaul. A single ¢ specimen was procured, and this has all the characters of the Indian examples, except that the jborns on the clypeus are less elongate, and but little curving upwards at the extremity. In this respect the specimen much resembles the figure in Gory and Pecheron’s monograph of the Cetoniade (pl. 26, fig. 1). The female’ of this interesting and remarkable insect is still unknown, and should be carefully sought
28 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions
after by collectors who are in a situation to clear up the dif- ficulty.
Xylotrupes dichotoma, a fine scarabeus, with a remarkably branched and elevated horn arising from the head.
Oplophora Horsfieldi, Hope, figured in the Transactions of this Society, Vol. IV. Pl. I. fig. 1, a longicorn of great beauty, and large size. This specimen, described by Mr. Hope, was taken in Chusan, by Dr. Cantor.
I shall now proceed to the description of several new Melito- phila, commencing with a very well marked and new genus of Goliath beetles.
CosmiomorPHa, new Genus. (Kéopiog Mop¢n.)
Head porrect, with the clypeus subquadrate, rather longer than broad, the sides parallel, the anterior margin slightly emarginate, the fore angles obliquely truncate, and the contour slightly elevated. Mandibles with the horny blade regularly lanceolate and pointed. Mazille with the upper lobe small, lanceolate, pointed, and incurved, externally covered with rigid hairs; the inner lobe ending above in an angulated point ; palpishort. The mentum oblong, narrowed in front, and having the anterior margin slightly emarginate, with the labial palpi short.
Thorax very gibbous and rounded in front, about as long as broad, the lateral margins nearly parallel, slightly emarginate in the centre, the posterior margin straight, with the angles prominent.
Elytra rather broader than thorax, narrow and rounded at the apex ; the shoulders prominent, with the lateral margin immedi- ately behind slightly emarginate. r
Legs long and slender, the anterior pair in the é having the tibize elongate, with slight traces of two obtuse teeth on the outer margin, and one long spine on the underside, near the apex, projecting downwards; those of the @ shorter, more robust, and the tibize bidentate. Mesosternal process rounded in front, with the sides nearly parallel, moderate in size.
The nearest relationship of this genus appears to be with Jummos, W. W. Saund., although from the long and slender legs and colour of the only species known, it might seem to come Neat to Dicronocephalus of Hope. Its unarmed clypeus, chafacter of fore tibiz in 6, and the resemblance of the females, are the reasons which induce me to place it immediately before Jummos, from which it is distinguished, as well as from Rhomborhina of
of undescribed Chinese Coleoptera. 29
Hope, by the slender legs, shape of clypeus, and arming of the fore tibiz in the ¢, as well as by the dull colour of the insect, which is very unusual among the Goliath beetles.
Cosmiomorpha modesta, mihi. (PI. HI. fig. 1 4; fig. 2 9.)
Head with the upper stirface deeply punctate, pitchy black, with the antennz dark chesnut brown. Thorax with the upper surface flat and deeply punctate, blackish brown, covered with short, stout, adpressed yellowish hairs, especially near the margin, Seutellum concolorous with the thorax, with patches on the basal angles of yellowish adpressed hairs, Elytra with two slightly elevated longitudinal ridges on each, parallel for the most part, but joining near the apex, the surface deeply and rugosely punctured, dark, dull, castaneous brown, with the suture and shoulders shining pitchy black ; the whole surface covered with stout, ad- pressed, short yellowish hairs. Underside of body dark castaneous brown, thickly covered with yellowish hairs, except the mesosternal process and medial line of abdomen, which are smooth, shining, and slightly punctate. Legs dark castaneous brown, with the hinder tibize fringed with yellowish hairs. Tarsi elongate.
The g is rather smaller than the ¢, and has the anterior angles of the clypeus less sharply truncate obliquely. In one specimen the colour is nearly black.
Length of ¢ 1 inch; @ of 4% inch.
Fig. 1 a, maxilla ¢; fig. 1b, mesosternum ¢; fig. 1c, claws ¢; fig. 1d, fore tibia and tarsus ¢; fig. 2a, mandible ¢; fig. 20, maxilla 9; fig. 2c, mentum ¢.
In the collection of the British Museum, and @ also in my own,
Three specimens only of this insect were brought to England, one male and two females.
Rhomborhina nigra, mihi (PI. III. fig. 3.)
Shining black. Clypeus large, somewhat broader in front and slightly rounded anteriorly, with an elevated rim, deeply punctate. Thorax with the hinder angles acute, the surface smooth and finely punctate. Scutellum moderate, the apex very acute and finely punctate. Elytra smooth, with the suture and two parallel equi- distant longitudinal lines on each, very slightly elevated, finely punctate, shallowly emarginaie behind the shoulders. Under- surface of body finely punctate, with apex of abdomen covered with brownish hair. Mesosternal process obtusely spatulate, rounded and broader in front, fringed with short hairs. Legs
30 Mr, W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions
striato-punctate, the fore posterior tibie fringed with yellowish hairs ; fore tibize with one large tooth externally in the 9, unarmed inthe g. ‘Tarsi short, robust.
Length 1,1, inch. z
In the British Museum and other cabinets.
This species is a near ally to R. hyacinthina of Hope, which is rather common in collections from Sylhet and Assam, but is smaller, having the clypeus less broad in front, and without any trace of the hyacinthine hue, which the Indian specimens always possess on the legs and underside of the body, whatever may be the dark tone of colour of the upper surface. The mesosternal process is also much less broad, and spatulate. Fig. 3a, me- sosternal process.
Rhomborhina Fortunei, mihi. (PI. III. fig. 4.)
Head with the sides of the clypeus parallel, the margin slightly elevated, the upper surface flat, and minutely punctured, with a slight rounded elevation between the eyes, dark blueish green. Antenne and eyes pitchy brown, Thorax trapezoidal, with the upper surface uniformly and minutely punctate, bright uniform dark green. Scutellum large, trigonate, sparingly punctate, uniform in colour with the thorax, Elytra rather broader than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind the shoulders, without any trace of longitudinal ridges, and transversely marked with minute wavy striz, dark shining green. Underside of body finely punctate, dark shining green, with the joints of the abdomen narrowly margined with black. Mesosternal process moderate, with the sides parallel, and the apex obtuse. Legs with the femora dark shining green, tinged with brown. Tibiz and tarsi black, the former edentate in the $, inthe 2 with one strong tooth near the apex.
Length 1 inch.
In the British Museum and other cabinets.
Inhabits the borders of woods in the hill country.
This species, it appears, belongs to the section which includes japonica, dives, &c., and approaches nearest to the former species in general characters. Two specimens of the ¢, which I possess, have a slight golden tint on the elytra in certain lights. Fig 4a, mesosternal process.
of undescribed Chinese Coleoptera. 31
Teniodera ornata, mihi. (PI. IIT. fig. 5.)
Head with the clypeus broader anteriorly, emarginate, deeply and rugosely punctate, black, with two short longitudinal yellow lines near the eyes at the base. Antenne castaneous brown. Eyes pitchy brown. Thorax much rounded in front, produced pos- teriorly into a central, slightly projecting lobe, deeply and rugosely punctate, black, with a long central golden yellow streak, and two elongate yellow spots on the outer margin. Scutellum black, mo- derate in size, with a broad golden yellow central streak. Elytra considerably broader than thorax, the shoulders prominent, nar- rower, and rounded at the apex, with a central longitudinal elevated rounded ridge on each elytron, and five or six thread- like, wavy, elevated lines between the ridge and the suture, and between the ridge and the lateral margin a reticulated surface of oblique, short, wavy raised lines ; black, with the lateral margins, the apex, and anterior portion of the elevated ridges, bright casta- neous brown, and having a golden yellow diamond-like marking on the centre of the suture, two rounded transverse spots between this marking and the apex, and two points on the lateral margin, all of a golden yellow colour. Legs black, shining, covered with castaneous hairs.
Length 56, inch.
In the cabinet of the British Museum.
One specimen only of this species was taken by Mr. Fortune. It has a near relationship to some of the Indian species, both in shape and character of the colouring.
Proteetia intricata, mihi. (PI. III. fig. 6.)
Head with the sides of the clypeus nearly parallel, the fore angles rounded, and the margin slightly elevated, deeply punctate, dark, bronzy green, more viridescent and shining in front. An- tennz and eyes pitchy black. Thorax rounded in front, with the posterior angles obtuse, and the basal margin receding near the centre to receive the scutellum, covered with broad shallow punc- tures, dark, bronzy brown, with two longitudinal rows of pale, irre- gular, yellowish spots, one on each side of the central line, between which and the outer margin are some faint, irregular, yellowish markings. Scutellum with the apex obtuse, dark, bronzy brown. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, deeply emarginate behind the shoulders, with two faint elevated longi- tudinal ridges, shallowly but broadly punctate, dark, bronzy
32 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions.
brown, with various yellowish speckle-like markings, and a trans- verse, wavy line of dots on each elytron of the same colour, nearly crossing the disk a little below the centre, between which and the apex is another transverse, somewhat lunate, dotted, line-like yellowish marking, nearly touching the suture. Underside of body bright shining green, with the joints of the abdomen spotted laterally with yellowish white. Podex with two converging rows of yellowish spots. Legs dark, bronzy-green, robust. The two posterior pairs rough, with deep punctures, and fringed with yel- lowish hairs.
Length 56, inch.
In the British Museum and other cabinets.
This is a species resembling in some respects two or three others, but its characters are distinct and apparently constant.
Porphyronota Sinensis, mihi. (Pl. II. fig. 7.)
Ttead small, black, with a large patch on the after portion pale chesnut-brown. Antenne of the same castaneous colour. Thorax rounded in front, with the sides nearly parallel, the hinder margin convex and emarginate to receive the scutellum, pale chesnut- brown, with two small round black spots immediately behind the head, and a black central x like marking on the posterior half of the disk, the upper portion of the x being in shape of a broad vu, and the lower portion with a decided angular projection on either leg, and having also four rounded somewhat confluent spots on either side of the x like marking. Scutellum trigonate, chesnut- brown, with the apex and a discoidal spot black. Elytra broader than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind the shoulders, faintly furrowed longitudinally, chesnut-brown, with numerous short, black, line-like wavy markings, mostly dispersed transversely across the ridges, and two subquadrate black spots on the disk, a little below the centre. Podex black. Underside of body shining black, with the mesosternal process, a patch near the shoulders, and some spots on the side of the abdomen, castaneous brown. Legs robust, black.
Legth -7, inch.
In the British Museum and other cabinets.
Taken in hedges by the roadside, generally in the valleys among the hills. It also occurs in the vicinity of Shanghai.
This species very closely resembles some members of the genus from South Africa, and it is curious to observe forms so closely allied in parts of the world so far apart.
7
© dda)
VIII. Descriptions of some new and apparently undescribed Species of Hymenopterous Insects from North China, collected by Robert Fortune, Esq. By F. Surru, Esq.
[Read May 3rd, 1852.]
Tur Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Fortune, during his late travels in China, contained a number of species with which we were previously unacquainted ; such I believe those to be described in this paper. If an estimate may be formed of the abundance of any particular family from an inspection of the collection, I should conclude that the Vespide are the most numerous in North China. A species of the genus Rhynchium is particularly interesting, from the circumstance of its being stylopized, thus adding to our knowledge of the geographical range of these parasites. But perhaps the most interesting insect is a species of the genus Pison, the largest hitherto discovered; in Australia many species are found, that country appears to be their metropolis; in other localities they appear to be very rare. One or two of the species of Bomb: from North China have also been met with in Northern India. The Zchneumon belonging to the genus Cryptus, described in this paper, is probably the most beautiful species of the family. The precise locality, in some instances, is given from information kindly communicated to me by Mr. Fortune himself.
Trogus Pepsoides.
Female.—Black; head and antenne pale yellow, the latter dusky towards their tips. The prothorax, mesothorax, tegulze and scutellum, reddish yellow ; the mesothorax has two divergent longitudinal pale yellow stripes; the breast beneath suffused with yellow; the legs yellow, excepting the coxe, intermediate femora beneath, and the posterior femora, which are black ; wings yellow, their apical margins dark fuscous; the apical margins of the first and second segment of the abdomen more or less ferruginous.
Length 11 lines.
This species is in the collection of the British; Museum.
Hab. Ning-po-foo.
Cryptus purpuratus. (Tab. VIII. fig. 2.)
Entirely of a brilliant purple; between the antennz and the base of the clypeus is a prominence, the sides of which are trans- versely striate; the clypeus with deep punctures. The meso-
VOL, Il. N.S. PART I1,—SEPT. 1852. D
34 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions
thorax has a deep longitudinal incision, which is margined by elevated carine, on each side of which, double divergent carinz pass forward from the scutellum to the anterior margin of the mesothorax ; the scutellum with deep punctures; the meta- thorax rugulose, the sides sculptured with irregular transverse carinz, some of which recurve and enclose on each side an oblong deep incision. Wings hyaline, and having a fuscous cloud occu- pying the first discoidal cell, and extending over a portion of the cells adjoining. ‘The anterior tibize slightly ferruginous in front. The abdomen petiolate, gradually increasing in width and ter- minating in a quadrate club.
Length 9 lines.
Hab. Ning-po-foo.
The only specimen brought by Mr. Fortune of this insect is in the Museum collection ; it is the most beautiful species of the genus with which I am acquainted.
Pison regalis. (Tab. VIII. fig. 9.)
Female.—Black; the head and thorax closely and strongly punctured; the face, as high as the notch in the eyes, clothed with hoary pubescence, that on the clypeus black; the clypeus truncate in front; the labrum slightly exposed, smooth and shining; the collar divided from the prothorax by a deeply im- pressed channel. The metathorax above has a deep central incision, crossed by transverse raised caring, which branch off laterally, and become obsolete before reaching the sides; towards its apex the metathorax is transversely rugose-striate ; the tegule rufo-piceous ; the wings smoky, and having an indistinct pale nebulosity towards the apex of the anterior wings, crossing the third submarginal cell. Abdomen shining and finely punc- tured, covered with a thin, short, black pubescence; the apical margins of the segments slightly constricted, and clothed with a thin, changeable, sericeous pile. The tibiz and tarsi are densely clothed with pile of a similar colour.
Length 9 lines.
Male.—This sex only differs from the female in having a shorter silvery pile occupying the depressions of the face at the sides of the clypeus, which is nearly naked, and in having the sculpture more strongly impressed on the metathorax.
Hab. Ning-po-foo.
This is the largest species of the genus hitherto discovered, and the first from China. It would come partly into the second
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 35
division of the genus according to Shuckard, who formed a sub- genus for those species which receive the first recurrent nervure towards the apex of the first submarginal cell; it would therefore belong to his genus Pisonitus ; but the second recurrent nervure is in accordance with the species of Pison, and therefore I prefer including it in the latter genus, to making a second subgeneric division. Species of this genus are rare from all localities except Australia, which appears to be its metropolis.
Cerceris Zonalis.
Female.—-Black, deeply punctured; the face yellow below the base of the antenne ; a narrow yellow line running between the antenne up to the anterior stemma; a minute dot at the vertex of the eyes, behind; the mandibles yellow, their apex black; the antennze beneath, and their scape above, ferruginous, the latter yellow in front ; the collar, tegulee, post-scutellum, and a minute dot on each side of the metathorax, yellow; the legs fusco-ferruginous ; the anterior femora and tibia in front, their tarsi in front, the in- termediate and posterior femora at their apex above, their tibia in front, and the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi, yellow; the apex of the anterior wings dark-fuscous. The basal segment of the abdomen ferruginous, the third and fifth segments yellow, having their basal margins black.
Hab. North China.
Rhynchium flavo-marginatum.
Male.—Black; the head and thorax closely punctured; the clypeus, a minute spot between the antenne, and the scape in front, cream-coloured; the entire margin of the clypeus black ; the apical recurved joint of the antenne ferruginous. An in- terrupted yellow stripe on the margin of the prothorax; the tegulz have a ferruginous spot; the wings smoky, darkest at their anterior margins, and beautifully iridescent; the intermediate and posterior femora ferruginous above and the anterior pair at their apex; a cream-coloured stripe on the anterior tibize in front; the claws testaceous. Abdomen deeply punctured, the margin of the first and second segments yellow, slightly interrupted in the middle; beneath, the margins of the segments are rufo- piceous.
The specimen described is doubly stylopized ; the heads of two female stylops project beneath the third abdominal segment.
D2
36 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions
Rhynchium ornatum. (Tab. VIII. fig. 10.)
Female.—Black ; the head and thorax coarsely punctured, the upper half of the clypeus, a spot between the antennz, the scape in front, and a dot at the base of the mandibles, yellow; the mesothorax has a central short impressed line in front, and towards the scutellum a central slightly raised portion, smooth and shining, less closely punctured than the other part; the sides of the metathorax are roughened with separate deep punctures ; the anterior margin of the prothorax has a bright orange stripe, at- tenuated in the middle; the outer margin of the tegule slightly ferruginous; wings fuscous, darkest towards their anterior margins ; the anterior tibia have a yellow line in front, and the intermediate pair also an indistinct stripe; the knees slightly ferruginous ; claws of the anterior tarsi testaceous. The first segment of the abdomen is orange-yellow, having at the base a triangular black patch; the second segment black, and having a broad orange- yellow fascia at its apical margin, deeply notched in front; the insect is entirely black beneath.
Hab. Tein-tung, near Ning-po, amongst the mountains.
Ancistrocerus flavo-punctatus.
Female.—Black ; the head and thorax deeply punctured; the clypeus, a spot between the antenne, the scape beneath, and a minute spot at the base of the mandibles, orange-yellow; the tegulze rufo-piceous ; wings fusco-hyaline; the sides of the meta- thorax coarsely rugose; tips of the femora, the anterior tibize in front, and the claws, ferruginous ; the legs have a beautiful golden reflection; the abdomen coarsely punctured, except the second segment, which is finely and distantly punctate; the margins of the first and second segment have a bright orange-yellow fascia on their apical margins above ; the second segment is considerably wider than the basal one, and has a beautiful sericeous reflection ; the body beneath entirely black.
Length 8 lines.
This beautiful species I have not seen from any other locality than Ning-po.
Eumenes decoratus.
Female. —Black ; the head and thorax coarsely and closely punc- tured ; the clypeus, a spot between the antenne, triangular-shaped towards the vertex, and two-thirds of the basal portion of the scape in front yellow; the two apical joints of the antenne yellow
—_
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 3”
beneath; a narrow yellow line traverses the inner margin of eyes from the apex of the clypeus to their notch; a short narrow yellow line behind the eyes towards the vertex; the apical half of the mandibles ferruginous. The prothorax, the tegule, two lines behind them, the apical half of the post-scutellum, and an obscure spot at the sides of the metathorax, orange-yellow; the wings sub-hyaline. The margins of the coxe and trochanters beneath, the femora towards their apex, the tibize and the claws, ferruginous ; the entire legs are clothed with a reflective golden pile. The basal segment of the abdomen closely punctured, its apical margin above, as well as those of the second segment, broadly, and the following segments narrowly, orange yellow ; the abdomen has a beautiful sericeous reflection, and the second, third and fourth segments beneath have their margins yellow.
Length 12 lines.
The male, in colouring, does not differ in any respect from the female.
Length 9 lines.
Hab. Tein-tung.
Only two specimens of this fine insect have come under my notice; the species is in the British Museum Collection.
Eumenes quadratus.
Female.—Black ; head and thorax roughly punctured, a yellow spot between the antenne, and a line along the margins of the eyes from the base of the antenne to their notch; the third, and the two or three following joints of the antenne, rufo-piceous beneath; a yellow stripe on the collar in front; the legs rufo- piceous at their knees; the wings dark fuscous. Abdomen, the petiole elongate; its apical margin, as well as that of the follow- ing segment in the middle, yellow; the puncturing deep, but scattered on the petiole, closer on the second segment, becoming rugose towards its apical margin.
Length 93 lines.
Male.—Black ; the clypeus, the face above as high as the in- sertion of the antenne, their scape in front and apical joint, yellow ; the prothorax in front, a narrow line extending to the tegule, a line behind them, the post-scutellum, the anterior and inter- mediate tibize in front, the posterior tibize towards the base, and the knees, yellow. Abdomen, the apical margin of the basal seg- ment, a minute spot on each side of the second, and an arched macula at its apical margin, yellow, the entire segment is covered
38 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions
with a beautiful sericeous reflection; punctured as in the female, but the wings paler.
Length 73 lines.
This species somewhat resembles the punctata of Sausseur, but it is larger, the sculpture is very different, its wings are darker, and its petiole more elongate; from the exact similitude in form and sculpture I have placed these sexes together as constituting one species. They also agree in the form of their peculiar-shaped abdomen, which, viewed laterally, is square, having the upper angles rounded.
Hab. near Ning-po-foo.
Polistes sulcatus.
Female.—Black ; the head, excepting the face above the insertion of the antennz as high as the vertex of the eyes, ferruginous ; the scape and the mandibles rufous ; the prothorax, two spots on the disk of the meso-thorax, the scutellum and post-scutellum, the femora, tibize within, and the tarsi, ferruginous; the metathorax transversely sulcate. Abdomen, the second segment has an in- distinct macula on each side, its apical margin, and those of the following segments, obscurely ferruginous ; the apical one entirely so, and having a dark line down its centre.
Length 12 lines.
Male.—Black ; the clypeus, and a line along the inner margins of the eyes, as high as their emargination, yellow, and covered with silvery pile; a broad ferruginous stripe down the centre of the clypeus ; the scape beneath, and the tips of the joints of the an- tennze beneath, ferruginous. The prothorax, tegule, the mar- gins of the scutellum and post-scutellum, and the legs, ferru- ginous. Abdomen as in the female—the wings in both sexes are hyaline, having a ferruginous tinge, particularly at their anterior margins.
This species, although closely resembling the Gyrostoma Orien- talis of Kirby, is very distinct, and, independent of sculpture, &c. is a smaller species.
Hab. near Ning-po-foo.
Vespa Mandarina. (Tab. VIII. fig. 1.) Female.—Black ; the head, as well as the scape of the antennez, of a reddish-yellow; the eyes, the pit in which the ocelli are placed, and the tips of the mandibles, black ; the clypeus notched in front; the three apical joints of the antennz slightly ferru- ginous beneath, the cheeks broadly dilated. The scutellum,
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 39
which is divided by a central channel, has on each side an indis- tinct ferruginous spot, the tegule have a stain of the same colour outwardly, and the wings rufo-fuscous, with a darker colouring towards their base; the legs are rufo-piceous at their joints, and also the front of the anterior tibiee. The basal and apical margins of the first segment of the abdomen have a broad continuous yellow band; a similar band on the apical margin of the second segment, and another towards its base which becomes pointed at the sides of the abdomen; the third, fourth and fifth segments have yellow bands on their apical margins, and the sixth is entirely yellow; beneath, the second and following segments are margined with yellow, the bands increasing laterally in width; above, the abdomen is beautifully aciculated, and the entire insect has a changeable sericeous reflection.
Length 1 in. 9 lines.
Worker.—Differs from the female in the following particulars : a ferruginous spot on the shoulders, the post-scutellum tinged with the same colour.
Length 1 in. 3 lin.
Hab. Tein-tung, near Ning-po-foo, amongst the mountains.
This is one of the finest species of the genus yet discovered. Mr. Fortune informed me that this insect constructs large globular nests in the topmost branches of trees, and is very abundant.
Vespa ducalis.
Female.—Ochraceous ; the head large, the cheeks broadly dilated, the clypeus and mandibles rugose, the teeth of the latter, the region of the stemmata, a line on the scape behind, and a deep depression above their base, black; the prothorax, mesothorax, and anterior margin of the scutellum, black; the tegule black, their outer margins yellow; wings slightly fuscous near their base ; the metathorax below the post-scutellum, the thorax be- neath, and the femora, black; the apex of the coxe, trochanters and femora, the tibize and tarsi, of a reddish yellow; the first and second segments of the abdomen entirely ochraceous, having above a central, transverse, black band, that on the second segment more or less interrupted, the rest of the segments totally black.
Length 1 inch 6 lines.
Worker.—Head as in the female, but of a redder hue; the an- terior portion of the prothorax, the outer margins of the tegule, the scutellum and post-scutellum, tibia and tarsi, of a reddish
40 Mr, F. Smith’s Descriptions
yellow, the post-scutellum palest, the tarsi above fuscous. Abdo- men, the first and second segments of a reddish yellow, having bright yellow marginal fascia, in front of which is a narrow band of a deep red-brown colour; the rest of the segments are black, the third has a bright yellow marginal fascia; the yellow fasciz are continued beneath on the second and third segments, the rest are narrowly piceous.
Male.—The head ferruginous, the region of the ocelli and that between the base of the antenne, also the teeth of the mandibles, black ; the antennze fusco-ferruginous above. The anterior mar- gin of the prothorax pale ferruginous; the mesothorax has two small ferruginous spots in front; a spot on the tegule, and also the posterior portion of the scutellum, ferruginous, beneath which, on each side, is a bright yellow dot; the anterior tibia in front, also the tips of the femora, ferruginous. The first segment of the abdomen ferruginous, and at the base divided from the apical portion, which is yellow, by a black band; the second seg- ment ferruginous, having a broad apical yellow band; the third and fourth are yellow, each having at their base a black band; the fifth, sixth and seventh segments are black; beneath, the second, third and fourth segments have a yellow band on their apical margins ; the abdomen and legs are covered with a changeable golden iridescence.
Length 13 lines.
Habitat Tein-tung, near Ning-po-foo.
This species, as well as the preceding, were both first discovered by Mr. Fortune, and are fine additions to our Vespide.
Vespa Crabroniformis.
Female.—Nigro-fuscous ; the head orange-yellow, the antennz yellow beneath, the basal joint ferruginous ; the mandibles ferru- ginous, their teeth black ; the prothorax yellow, a broad central indistinct stripe on the mesothorax anteriorly, the tegule ferru- ginous; the wings fusco-hyaline, their anterior margins, from their base to the first submarginal cell, rufo-fuscous; the legs covered with an iridescent pile. Abdomen fusco-ferruginous ; at the base, laterally, a bright ferruginous spot, the apical margin has a narrow yellow fascia; the second segment has also the apical margin yellow, rather more broadly so than the basal segment ; the following segments are yellow, the third has at its base a tridentate, transverse, fusco-ferruginous fascia ; the fourth merely two lateral spots of the same colour; the abdomen has a similar reflective pile. The entire insect naked, except a few black
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 41
hairs on the vertex, and a little yellow pubescence on the sides of the metathorax.
The male exactly corresponds with the female, differing only in having the antenna, as usual, elongated, and in having on each side of the second segment of the abdomen an oblique, indistinct, pale stripe running inwards, and also two minute pale dots.
Crocisa decora.
Female.—Black ; the face, below the base of antenne, clothed with pale blue pubescence ; most sparingly so on the clypeus; a continuous fringe of similar pubescence behind the eyes and along the margin of the vertex. Thorax, a stripe on the collar, another in the centre of the mesothorax, reaching the disk, a dot on each side opposite the tegule, which have a spot behind, and also an epaulet, and two round spots on the posterior margin of the meso- thorax, of blue pubescence; on the sides of the metathorax a patch of long white pubescence ; beneath the wings is a stripe of blue pubescence, curving forwards, and then recurving under the wings; the basal joint of all the tarsi above, the anterior and inter- mediate tibiz above, and a spot at the base of the posterior tibie, of blue pubescence. ‘The scutellum slightly rounded at the sides, and deeply notched behind. The first segment of the abdomen has a transverse fascia at its base, and another a little before its apical margin, united to each other at the sides; the four following segments have a central fascia, very slightly interrupted in the middle, of blue pubescence; the anterior wings dark fuscous, having the externo- and interno-medial cells, the first discoidal, and a spot in the first submarginal cell, hyaline. The entire in- sect deeply punctured.
The only species of the genus, which closely resembles this, is one which comes plentifully from Africa, but that species may at once be recognized as distinct, by its being delicately punctured, and the pubescence of a much paler colour.
Xylocopa appendiculata.
Female. —Black; the antenne slightly piceous beneath; the thorax, above and on the sides, clothed with bright yellow pubes- cence ; the wings fuscous, darkest towards their apical margins, and having a bright prismatic reflection ; the abdomen punctured, and fringed at the apex with black hair.
Male.—Black ; the clypeus, the scape of the antenne in front, and the apical joints beneath, yellowish white; the thorax, above
42 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions
and on the sides, clothed with bright yellow pubescence ; wings as in the female; the anterior tarsi fringed with fulvous hair ; the posterior tibia have at their apex a somewhat obleng pro- jecting appendage. The abdomen punctured, the basal segment clothed with bright yellow pubescence; the apex fringed with long black hairs. .
Hab. near Ning-po-foo.
‘ylocopa rufipes.
Female.— Black; the apical joints of the antenne piceous be- neath, the head nearly as wide as the thorax; the thorax above clothed with fuscous pubescence; on the metathorax and on the sides it is pale ochraceous, as it is also on the basal, and basal half of the second segment of the abdomen; the wings fusco-hyaline, and having a dark cloud on their apical margins ; the intermediate and posterior tarsi, and the apex of the posterior tibiz, densely clothed with fulvous pubescence; the sides of the abdomen towards its apex fringed with pubescence of the same colour, as are also the margins of the abdominal segments beneath.
Xylocopa pictifrons.
Female.—Black ; the head as wide as the thorax, the pubescence very short, and thinly scattered; the upper margin of the clypeus smooth and shining, a deep depression on each of its lateral mar- gins; the disk of the thorax very smooth and shining, sparingly punctured; the wings fuscous, having a bright iridescent coppery reflection, the anterior pair have their medial and discoidal cells transparent; legs entirely black; the posterior tarsi furnished with a dense brush of black hair. Abdomen elongate, its disk sparingly punctured, its sides densely so; thickly pubescent at the sides.
Length 10 lines.
Male.—Black; clothed entirely with fulvous pubescence; the face has two broad yellow stripes extending from the vertex to the base of the mandibles, the intermediate portion below the an- tennze clothed with black hair. The wings sub-hyaline, slightly clouded towards their apical margins ; the tarsi within are clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Abdomen, down the centre the pubescence is less dense, giving it the appearance of an obscure black line.
Length 9 lines.
Hab. Chusan.
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 43
Bombus tunicatus. (Tab. VIII. fig. 7.)
Female.—Head black; thorax clothed with white pubescence, and having a black transverse band between the wings, which are dark fuscous ; the two basal segments of the abdomen have white, the third black, and the rest of the apical segments bright fulvous pubescence ; the legs entirely black, as well as the body beneath.
Length 10 lines.
Worker.—This sex differs in having a broader black band on the thorax, in having only the basal segment white, the second being in this sex fulvous; otherwise as the female.
Length 6 to 8 lines.
Hab. Chusan, on the top of hills.
The workers only were brought by Mr. Fortune from North China, but specimens of these, and also of females, are in the Museum Collection from northern India. It is one of the most beautiful species of the genus.
Mr. Fortune informed me that all the Bomb: were found on the top of hills in Chusan, and adjoining main land.
Bombus hemorrhoidalis.
Female.—Black; the head and thorax clothed with black pubes- cence; the wings dark brown; the two basal segments of the abdomen clothed with bright yellow pubescence, the rest of the segments with bright fulvous red.
Length 11 lines.
Worker.—Differs only in size. (8 to 9 lines.)
Male.— The head and thorax clothed with long sooty-black pubescence ; the antennz as long as the head and thorax; the pubescence on the legs is long sooty-black, intermixed with pale hairs; the legs are elongate, their tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen, the two basal segments clothed with bright yellow, the rest with bright fulvous pubescence.
Length 8 lines.
Hab. Chusan, on the hills.
In the British Museum there are specimens of this species from northern India.
Bombus trifasciatus. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.)
Female.—Black ; the head clothed with black pubescence, the thorax with yellow, the legs with black, their tarsi ferruginous, Abdomen, the two basal segments clothed with yellow pubes-
Seg 6 SBR
44 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions
cence, the third and fourth with black, and the apical one with bright fulvous.
Length 10 lines.
Worker.—Resembles the female.
Length 7 lines.
Hab. Chusan.
I have not seen this species from any other locality.
Bombus atripes. (Tab. VIII. fig. 3.)
Worker.—The head entirely black; the thorax above clothed with fulvous pubescence, the wings dark fuscous, the legs en- tirely black. Abdomen clothed above with a deep, rich, fulvous pubescence.
Length 9 lines. :
Male. —This sex exactly corresponds with the worker in colouring.
Length 9 lines.
From the fact of the two sexes corresponding in size, I take them to be male and worker. The male Bombi are usually con- siderably smaller than the females.
Hab. Chusan.
Bombus nasutus.
Worker.—Head one-third longer than broad, entirely black, except a few yellow hairs on the vertex ; the thorax clothed with ochraceous pubescence, as well as the two basal segments of the abdomen; the wings dark fuscous, the legs entirely black ; the body beneath black.
Length 6 to 9 lines.
Hab. Chusan.
Bombus breviceps.
Worker.—Head entirely black, as broad as long; the thorax clothed with bright fulvous pubescence, and the two basal seg- ments of the abdomen with bright golden yellow ; the rest of the abdomen with black ; the wings dark fuscous; legs and body be- neath black.
Length 9 lines.
Hab. Chusan.
There is considerable general resemblance between this species and nasutus, and probably in faded specimens it would be still greater, but the form of the head is decisive of their difference.
of undescribed Chinese Hymenoptera. 45
Bombus flavescens. Male.—Entirely clothed with pale yellow pubescens ; the wings hyaline, their apical margins clouded ; the legs testaceous red. Length 8 lines. Hab. Chusan. This species is at present unique in the collection of the British Museum.
IX. Descriptions of some Hymenopterous Insects from Northern India. By F. Surru, Esq.
[Read 5th July, 1852.]
As an appendix to my descriptions of Chinese Hymenoptera, read 3rd May, I beg to present the following descriptions of Indian Wasps and Bees.
Vespa magnifica.
Female.—Black ; head and basal joint of the antennz of an orange-yellow ; the mandibles are darker than the head, and have their teeth black; the head is finely and the clypeus coarsely punctured ; the prothorax laterally is indistinctly tinged with red ; there is also on each side of the mesothorax anteriorly a very obscure spot of the same colour, and another on the outer margin of the tegule; the wings fuscous; the anterior tibiz in front have more or less of a ferruginous colouring, and the entire legs have a changeable sericeous pile. Abdomen, the segments one to five have a narrow orange-yellow marginal fascia, continued beneath ; that on the fifth sometimes interrupted above; the sixth entirely yellow ; the entire abdomen covered with a beautiful bloom.
Length 21 lines to 2 inches.
The Worker is similarly coloured, having the claws and anterior tibiee and knees orange-yellow; the bands on the abdomen not quite so entire.
Length 12—14 lines.
Hab. Nepaul.
The specimens of this fine species, which are in the collection of the British Museum, were obtained from Major General Hardwick’s collection,
46 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of
Vespa auraria. (Tab. VIII. fig. 8.)
Female.—Orange-yellow ; the head has some black pubescence on the vertex, and the mandibles have their teeth black; the thorax beneath is black; the mesothorax fuscous, and having a broad central stripe reddish yellow, the scutellum, and a lateral spot beneath, of the same colour; the tegule have a fuscous spot in the centre; wings hyaline, their anterior margins some- what ferruginous towards their base; the anterior femora in front towards their base, the coxe behind, and the intermediate and posterior coxee and femora, black; the intermediate tibia, except their apex outwardly, the posterior pair in front and a spot towards their apex within, black; the entire legs being covered with a reflecting golden pile. The basal half of the first segment of the abdomen, and rather more than the basal half of the second, are rufo-fuscous ; the basal segment has its apical margin narrowly pale-yellow ; and the fuscous band on the second seg- ment is slightly produced laterally; beneath, the segments are laterally more or less bright pale-yellow ; the entire abdomen has a brilliant golden reflection.
Hab. Northern India.
This beautiful species is in several collections; but I am only acquainted with the six described.
Vespa basalis.
Female.—Black; the head, antennz and mandibles, ferruginous, the latter black at their tips; the prothorax, tegulz, a spot beneath the wings, a square spot on the mesothorax posteriorly, the scu- tellum and post-scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax, more or less ferruginous; the wings have a fuscous cloud on their anterior margins occupying the externo-medial cell; the mar- gins of the coxee and trochanters, the knees, the tibie and tarsi, ferruginous ;_ the legs entirely covered with shining yellow or ochraceous pubescence. The basal segment of the abdomen has a transverse ferruginous macula forked at each end, and the apical margin has a narrow yellow band; the rest black. ‘The entire insect is covered with a short thick pubescence, which somewhat obscures the colouring.
Hab, Nepaul.
There are two specimens of this species in the collection at the British Museum. I have not seen any other.
some Hymenopterous Insects from Northern India. 47
Vespa obliterata.
Female.—Black ; head ferruginous; the eyes and teeth of the mandibles black ; the prothorax, a spot on the mesothorax touching the scutellum, the scutellum, post-scutellum, the space between them, the base of the wings, the tegule, and a spot beneath the wings, reddish-yellow; the legs are of the same colour; the cox, intermediate and posterior femora, except the apex of each, black ; the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen black ; the apical margin of the basal segment narrowly piceous; the entire insect densely covered with pubescence, that on the head and thorax being yellow, but that on the abdomen black.
Hab. Northern India.
I have only seen one specimen of this very distinct species ; it is in the cabinet of J. S. Baly, Esq., who obtained it from Captain Boys’ collection.
Bombus eximius. (Tab. VIII. fig. 5.)
Female.—Black ; head, thorax and abdomen clothed with black pubescence; the tegule nigro-piceous; wings hyaline, with a ferruginous tinge towards their base; the nervures ferruginous ; the intermediate and posterior tibiz, and tarsi, ferruginous, and clothed with ferruginous pubescence, as well as the anterior tarsi beneath.
Length 14 lines.
Hab. Silhet.
In the British Museum there are specimens of this fine species. I have not seen it in any other collection,
Bombus funerarius. (Tab. VIII. fig. 6.)
Female.—Black; the clypeus very smooth and shining, its anterior margin ferruginous; the mandibles also ferruginous, having two longitudinal deep sulcations, their apex rounded ; the face has a little black pubescence above the clypeus and also along the vertex, intermixed with a little silvery grey; the thorax above, and the basal segment, clothed with silvery grey pubescence, very dense and shining; the thorax beneath, the coxe, tro- chanters, and femora, clothed with long silvery hairs; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, claws black ; the three apical seg- ments of the abdomen clothed with silvery pubescence, the ex- treme apex intermixed with fulvous, particularly beneath; the wings fusco-hyaline.
Length 9 lines.
48 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions, &c.
Hab. Northern India. From Captain Boys’ collection. The only specimen which I have seen of this beautiful insect is in the collection at the British Museum.
Bombus rufo-fasciatus.
Female.—Head black; the thorax black, with a transverse band of silvery-white pubescence on the collar, and another on the metathorax; the basal segment of the abdomen clothed with white pubescence, the second with black, the third with bright fulvous- red, and the three following with white; the wings hyaline; the thorax beneath, and the legs, clothed with black pubescence ; towards the apex of the abdomen beneath there is a little white pubescence.
Length 10 lines.
Hab. Northern India.
I have only seen two specimens of this beautiful Bombus; one is in the collection of the British Museum, the other in that of J.S. Baly, Esq.
Bombus simillimis.
Female.—Entirely black, except the three apical segments of the abdomen, which are red; in some specimens there is a little pale pubescence on the basal segment of the abdomen; the wings dark fuscous, semi-transparent.
This species is very like the Lapidarius of Linn.; it is, however,
larger, and has dark wings. Hab. Northern India.
a toue)
X. On the Habits of the Species of the Coleopterous Genus Megacephala, inhabiting the Amazonian Region of South America. By. W. Batss, Esq., with a Synopsis of the Species by J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., ¥c.
[Read 7th June, 1852.]
Turovucuout the whole country, from the city of Para to Ega, on the upper Amazons, I have found eleven species of the genus Megacephala. They are all inhabitants of sandy soils in exposed situations, none being found in the shades of the humid forests which cover nearly the whole surface of the country. I believe they are all nocturnal in their habits, except perhaps the M. sepul- chralis, Fab., in the daytime being concealed several inches deep in burrows in the sand. I have never observed any one make use of its wings, which the Cicindele and Odontocheile so readily do, but their powers of running exceed anything I have ever observed in this style of insect locomotion ; they run in a serpentine course over the smooth sand, and when closely pursued by the hand, in endeavouring to seize them, they are apt to turn suddenly back, and thus baffle the most practised hand and eye. Nearly all the species are confined to the margins of the river, on the sandy beaches and extensive sand banks in mid-river; and are found chiefly in the dry season, most abundant when the sinking waters have left exposed the largest extent of sand. The pallid-coloured series of species, of which I have observed five, are quite confined to the most extensive of the sandy beaches, where the sand is finest and whitest, which begin only at the altitude of Santarem. In their pale colours, with dusky marks or patches on the elytra, they resemble the Nebria complanata of the sandy sea shores of Europe, which has a similar aspect and habits, and in taking these Megacephale { have been forcibly reminded of the Nebrie, their colours respectively agreeing with those of the locale they inhabit. There is another instance of the same relation here, in a large species of Forficula, of the same pallid colours, and found also on these sandy shores. There are, throughout the various branches of Zoology, many instances of this relation between the colours of species and the locale they inhabit, and all such facts, when observed, appear to me deserving of record, although it may be far in the future of the history of science before any useful gene- ralization be drawn from them.
The Megacephale are closely allied to the Cicindele, and the
VOL. Il, N.S. PART I.—SEPT. 1852. E
50 Mr. H. W. Bates on the Habits
two genera are naturally placed in close vicinity in the same group — of genera of Cicindelides. Relatively to the Cicindele, the former . have a body more robust, a broader and stronger head and thorax, © with, consequently, stronger mandibles, showing a habit of preying ~ upon larger subjects, and greater force in tearing their food; their antenne are longer and more tapering, showing probably an acuter sense, whatever that sense may be which resides in those organs. Lastly, their legs are much more robust, agreeing with their terrestrial habits. They may be defined shortly as robust, terrestrial (cursorial), and nocturnal Cicindelide.
The larve of Megacephale inhabit the same sandy districts as the perfect insects, in cylindrical burrows, where they lie in wait for prey. I have taken two or three species, none of which differ in any essential particular from the descriptions of the larva of Cicindele. The head is broad, semicircular, concave above and concave-convex beneath, with the mandibles curved upwards, so as to be able to seize anything falling on the concave upper surface of the head. They are so rapacious or irascible, seizing anything that disturbs them, that they are readily taken by inserting a straw in their burrows, which they seize instantly and retain with pertinacity.
Of the eleven species which I have taken, five are of the pale- coloured series; five of the brilliant-metallic species, copper- coloured green or blue, all with an ovate pale spot at the apex of the elytra; and one is obscure black. The last-mentioned (MM. sepulchralis, F.) is different in its habits, as well as in its colour and form, from the other two groups. It is found in dry gravelly places, in open grassy spaces in the forest, running rather slowly about the roots of grass in the daytime. I have taken it only at the Barra of the Rio Negro, where the country is dry and undu- Jating, and the forest somewhat low and thinned. The largest of the pale species, about an inch long, is the robust MM. testu- dinea, which I took in company with three other species of the genus on the sandy shores of the Teffé at Ega, at night. One small, smooth, pale species (JZ. laminata, Perty), having a diamond- shaped dusky spot over the suture of the elytra, I have found on all the more extensive sandy beaches, more or less sparingly, from Carefé, near Para, to Ega. One pale, nearly spotless species (M. cruciata), 9 lines long, I took only at the Barra, whence I sent a small series to England. Another nearly resembling this (M. bifasciata, Brullé) I have taken more abundantly at Ega and at Santarem. A fifth species (JZ. asperula), small, and covered with elevated granulations, I took only two specimens of, on the sand islands in mid-river, on the Upper Amazons. In the
s
metallic coloured group one species (the beautiful M7. Spat) I found rather abundantly at Villa Nova, on the light earthy or sandy margins of the river, where the fluctuating level of the waters leaves a succession of terraces. By cutting away the edges of these terraces I was able to get at their burrows readily, and took as many as I wanted. Another copper-coloured, very hand- some species, more robust in form (VW. curta, Reiche), is found at the moist edges of the water, under stones and sediment. Of one fine green species (JM. spinosa ?), distinguished by a small tooth at the sutural angle of the apex of the elytra, I, at present, have only a single specimen from the extensive sandy campos of Santa- rem. The fourth species, which is elongated in form, of a fine uni- form blue or blue green colour (MM. Marti:), I have found also at Santarem, very circumscribed in its localities; it prefers dry gra- velly situations, and is only seen after sunset. The fifth and last species is the smallest of the metallic group, having the elytra much narrowed towards the apex (JM. quadricollis, Laf.). TI have met with it only at Ega, in company with M. testudinea and two other pale species. H. W. B.
of the Coleopterous Genus Megacephala. 51
List of the Species mentioned in the preceding Memoir. A. Black species (4niara, Hope). Sp. 1. Megacephala sepulchralis, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. p. 233,
n. 9 (Cicindelas), De}. Sp. Gen. v. 199, n. 7. Meg. variolosa, De}. Sp. Gen. 1. 14, n. 7.
B. Pale coloured species. (Ammosia, Westw.) Sp. 2. Megacephala testudinea, Klug, Jahrbucher D. Ins. p. 6, pi. i, fo. M. Klugit, Moritz, MS,
Mr. Bates’ specimens of this species are chestnut red on the upper side, without any gloss, and with paler lateral margins and luteous buff beneath. The head is smooth above, except between the eyes, where it is finely striolated, the striole of the disc being almost obsolete, the inner margin of the eyes black. ‘The labrum is transverse, pale luteous, the lateral angles rather porrected and rounded, the centre porrected and armed: with two obtuse black teeth; half-way between the produced middle and the lateral angles is another small tooth on each side ; the mandibles are pale luteous, with black teeth, the right one in the male. having the second tooth from the tip very minute, and the third oblique emarginate at its tip, whilst in the female it has three large terminal
E 2
52 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the
teeth, and the left one in both sexes has the first and third large, with a small one between them; the labial palpi are remarkably long, the antennz pale luteous, with the first four joints more or less marked with black on the upper side. The pronotum is nearly smooth above, with two transverse punctured impressions, the ordinary longitudinal one only slightly impressed, the portion behind the second transverse impression is black. The elytra are broader behind the middle. and covered with extremely numerous and very minute conical granulations, those of the dise being the largest, the points of which are directed backwards ; at about one-third of the width of the elytra, on each side of the suture, is an irregular row of deeper punctures, forming an in- distinct longitudinally impressed striola on each elytron; beyond the middle, and towards the side, is a somewhat oval black spot, its inner margin oblique, and produced behind into a small, slender, curved mark, directed towards the suture, beyond which the elytra are pale Juteous, as well as at the sides. The whole of the under- side of the body, palpi and legs are luteous, the four posterior femora having a black spot near the tip on the upper side.
Long. corp. ¢ lin. 154.
Having no typical specimen of MM. testudinea for comparison, it is not possible to decide with certainty whether Mr. Bates’ spe- cimens are specifically distinct from that species, several of the characters mentioned above being omitted in Dr. Klug’s de- scription.
Sp. 3. Megacephala laminata, Perty, Del. An. art. Bras. 1, p. 2, pl. 1, f. 3. M. nocturna, Klug, MS., Dej., Sp. Gen. v. p. 203.
Sp. 4. Megacephala bifasciata, Brullé in D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. menid. V1. i. ps lyiplids te 1: M. equinoxialis, Fabr., Dej., &c., but not of Linnzeus, which = Brachinus complanatus, F.
Dr. Erichson, Jahrbucher Entomol. 1837, n. 209, considers that the name M. equinoxialis should, however, be retained, as having been used by Fabricius in a genus far removed from Brachinus ; but it is quite evident, from the words of Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth, i, p. 243, n. 60, ‘Species mihi obscura,” that he had never seen it, but had merely taken it up from the writings of Linnzeus.
According to M. D’Orbigny this species rests, during the day, at the bottom of holes, which it burrows in the margins of rivers, coming abroad only on the approach of night, and running with extreme velocity.
Coleopterous Genus Megacephala. 53
Sp. 5. M. cruciata, Brullé in D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. merid. NTA pee. cpl. l, f.72. Depressa, flavo-rufa, subtus pallidior ; ore, antennis pedibusque flavis ; elytrorum vitta suturali fasciaque fuscis. Mas. Long. 74, lin. Northern part of Corrientes, on a sand bank at Parana. One-fourth smaller than M. bifasciata, with the elytra very strongly punctured, and without the black band between the eyes ; the denticulations of the labrum are also more porrected. It runs with very great agility, and ‘semble plutét voler que marcher.” Messrs. Tatum and S. Stevens regard this supposed species as a very pale variety of the preceding, which, indeed, greatly differs, in the extent of its markings, some specimens having the disc of the elytra almost entirely black. Mr. Bates’ capture of spe- cimens in a single locality, apart from that which afforded the true M, bifasciata, is in favour of their specific distinction.
Sp. 6. MW. asperula, Westwood.* (Tab. VII. f. 8.) Testaceo-lutea; antennis, palpis et pedibus albidis; capite in medio fusco, elytrorum sutura late, fasciaque utrinque abbre- viata pone medium fuscis, pronoto antice et postice elytrisque undique granulato-asperulis, his brevibus latis obovatis. Long. corp. lin. 5.
Syn. MW. brevis and M. brevipennis, MS. in museis.
* Obs.—The five species above mentioned are the only ones hitherto known belonging to the pallid division of the genus, I therefore take this opportunity of describing another new species, from the collection of T. Tatum, Esq., who received it from the Jardin des Plantes, without any indication of its locality.
Megacephala Oxycheiloides, Blanchard, MS. M. nigricollis, Reiche.
M. nigra, haud nitida, depressa; capite antice, antennis, pedibus, elytris utringue macula magna triangulari laterali, alterisque duabus apicalibus albidis 9. Long. corp. lin. 83.
Precedentibus magis depressa coloreque nigro corporis, capitis et pronoti dis- tincta. Caput subquadratum, oculis prominulis, vertice planiusculo sub lente striatulo, macula antica semicirculari albida. Labrum transversum, albidum, medio antice valde porrectum, denticulis duobus centralibus acutis alterisque duobus lateralibus, dentibus apice castaneis. Mandibule albide, dextera dentibus tribus validis apicalibus, sinistra tribus intermedio parvo. Palpi albidi, labiales articulo penultimo valde setoso, ultimo paullo securiformi. Pronotum truncato-cordatum, subdepressum, impressionibus duabus trans- versis ordinariis fere obsoletis, media longitudinali tenui, disci medio levi, antice et postice sub lente tenuissime coriaceo. Elytra suboblonga, depressa, fere parallela, depressa, disco undique granulis minutis conicis (apicibus postice directis) ; nigra, singulo macula magna laterali irregulariter trian- gulari, suturam haud attingente, e basi ad medium lateraliter extensa, altera- que subovali apicali. Corpus infra nigrum, lve, subnitidum ; apice seg- menti apicalis abdominis albido, Pedes omnino albidi.
54 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the
M. laminate magnitudine et forma proxima, differt imprimis pronoto et elytris aspero-granulatis, granulis nigris. Caput breve, pronoto latius, fere lave, disco parum convexo in medio fusco, margine interno oculorum tenue nigro. Labrum luteo-albidum, angulis lateralibus rotundatis, margine antice denticulis 4 minutis equalibus et aequidistantibus. Man- dibulz albide, dentibus apice castaneis, dextera dentibus tribus validis, sinistra etiam tribus intermedio parvo. Palpi albidi, maxillares articulo 2ndo parum inflato. Antenne graciles, albidz, articulis 2do, 3tio, et 4to supra fusco parum tinctis. Pronotum lateribus antice fere rectis, pone medium sensim angustatis; disco convexo, impressionibus binis or- dinariis transversis indistinctis, media longitudinali tenui sat distincta, antice et postice granulato. Elytra brevia, obovata, albido-lutea, undique granulis minutis nigris aspera, cruce fusca reversa notata apice crucis acuminato, apice suture albido relicto; margine tenuissimo laterali fusco. Pedes graciles, albidi. Corpus infra fusco-luteum, abdominis apice pallidiori.
Obs. —The specific names attached to this insect in several col- lections, without any author’s name attached, are equally ap- plicable to MM. laminata, whilst the remarkably granulated surface of the elytra suggests a name at once indicative of the species.
C. Metallic coloured species. (Tetracha, Westw.)
Sp. 7. Megacephala Spixi, Brullé in D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. merid. VI. ii. p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3. (Tab. VII. fig. 5.)
Obs.—Dr. Erichson, Jahrb. Entomol. 1837, p. 209, considers this as not distinct from MZ. Martz, to which indeed it is very closely allied in form, sculpture and colour of the limbs. The observations, however, of an intelligent collector like Mr. Bates upon these insects in their native country, warrants their reten- tion as distinct.
Sp. 8. Megacephala Marti, Perty, Delect. An. Art. Bras. p- i. pl. 1, fig. 1. (Tab. VII. fig. 3.)
Sp. 9. Megacephala curta, Reiche? MS. (Tab. VII. fig. 1.)
Coleopterous Genus Megacephala. 55
M. capite, pronoto et elytrorum disco lete purpureo-cupreis, horum lateribus cyaneis, apice singuli macula elongato-ovali lutea notatis ; pedibus luteis, geniculis posticis nigris.
Long. corp. lin. 8.
Affinis M, geniculate, Chevrolat, et M. Chiliensi, Laporte. Caput late cupreo-purpureum, antice et lateraliter viridi-tinctum, vertice sub lente tenuissime striolato et areolato, punctis duobus parvis ad marginem internum oculorum, impressioni- busque duabus minus profundis inter partem anticam oculo- rum. Labrum, mandibule et antennz lutescentes, illarum dentibusnigris, harum articulis 4 basalibus supra fusco-notatis. Pronotum valde convexum, levissimum, colore capiti simile, impressionibus ordinariis profundis. Elytra quam in MM. Martii breviora et magis ovata, disco antice coloris capitis et pronoti, hoc colore ultra medium suturee extenso at sensim angustato; lateribus elytrorum cyaneis viridi-tinctis, macula- que elongato-ovali lutea, ad apicem costz angustius producta, disco punctatissimo. Corpusinfra nigrum, coloribus metallicis tinctum. Pedeslutescentes, femoribus 4 posticis prope apicem supra fusco-tinctis.
Obs.—I cannot distinguish this species from the insect in the
British Museum collection with the name of Meg. remota, Reiche, MS. attached to it.
Sp. 10. Megacephala 2
Obs.—Mr. Bates’ unique specimen of this insect has not yet reached this country, but from his notes it is most probably either M. spinosa, Brullé in Voy. D’Orbigny, Amer. merid. VI. ii. p. 3, n, 7, or M. acutipennis, Dejean, Sp. Gen. i. p. 13, n. 6.
Sp. 11. Megacephala quadricollis, Laferte? MS. (Tab. VII. fig. 7.)
M. prothorace subquadrato, elytrisque ad apicem spinosis ; supra viridis; elytrorum lateribus postice luteo-albidis ; ore, antennis pedibusque luteo-albidis.
Long. corp. lin. 63.
Species parva, forma prothoracis et elytrorum spinisque apices horum armantibus primo intuitu distinctissima. Caput supra cupreo-viride, vertice subconvexo, sublzevi, prope marginem internum oculorum longitudinaliter striatulo, impressionibus
56 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the
inter partem anticam oculorum obsoletis. Labrum trans- versum, lutescens, fusco tenuissime marginatum, denticulis duobus mediis parum prominentibus. Mandibule et antennz lutescentes, illarum dentibus nigris, harum articulis 4 basali- bus supra fusco-notatis. Prothorax subquadratus, capite paullo angustior, postice vix angustior, lateribus fere rectis, sulco profundo angusto sinuato antico, alteroque recto postico transversis ; lineaque media ordinaria profunde impressa ; dorso levi, cupreo-viridi, lateribus sulcoque antico tenuissime punctatis, parte postica pone sulcum posticum irregulariter granulata. Elytra elongato-ovalia, disco granulis conicis minutis scabro, cupreo-viridia, singulo macula elongata laterali lutescenti postica, ad apicem suturee extensa, singuloque in spinam acutam sensim desinente. Corpus infra viride, ab- domine lutescente. Pedes lutescentes, femoribus 4 posticis ante apicem fusco-nebulosis.
The following is a tabular classification of the species of Mega- cephala, showing the position of the subgenera indicated above, founded for the most part on the variations in the dentition of the mandibles. This is a character which has been generally over- looked by Entomologists, although the use made of it in the higher branches of zoology show its great value. It is true indeed that in most modern generic descriptions the form of the mandible is given, but this is drawn almost universally from the inspection and figure of a single jaw, whilst the comparative form of the two mandibles, and the mode in which their combined action modifies the form and position of their relative toothing, is generally neglected. The genus Megacephala was first divided by Serville and St. Fargeau, in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, into two sections, from the wingless and winged condition of the species, the name of Aptema being given to the former group, the type of which was however that of the genus Megacephala, whilst a second species was added (M. 4-signata), which is certainly winged. Mr. Hope, in the second part of his Coleopterist’s Manual (p. 6), restored the generic name Megacephala to the type M. Senegalensis, dividing it into two sections, 1st, that containing the type, destitute _of wings, and, 2nd, that containing M. 4-signata and Euphratica, both of which are winged, adding two new genera, Tetracha, Westw., containing Cic. Carolina, Linn., and its allies, natives of the New World, having the mandibles armed with four apical teeth, and Anaira, the type of which is M. sepulchralis. A nearly similar arrangement was adopted by M. Lacordaire in his revision
Coleopterous Genus Megacephala. 57
of the family published in the first volume of the Memoirs of the Natural History Society of Licge. A careful examination of the characters of the Megacephale has convinced me that a more extensive division is requisite ; in other words, that the characters employed to separate Tetracha and Anaira will render the esta- blishment of several other sections necessary when applied to the Old World as well as to the pale species of the New World.
MEGACEPHALA.
A. Elytra humeris rotundatis, haud angulato-prominentibus.
* Corpus apterum, subcylindricum. Mandibule dentibus acutis. Color viridi-metallicus, elytris totis concoloribus. (Aptema, Serv. and St. Farg.) Type M. Senegalensis, Latr., Dej.; Cic. megalocephala, Fabr. (Senegal.)
** Corpus alatum, latius, subdepressum.
a. Mandibule dentibus intermediis oblique truncatis. Color metallicus, elytris ad apicem macula lutea notatis. ‘Types M. 4-signata, Dej. (Senegal); MV. Bocandei, Guérin-Ménéville, Rev. Zool. (Congo.)
b. Mandibulz dentibus intermediis acutis, sinistra dente 2ndo (apice acuto mandibulz pro dente 1mo computato) parvo vel 3tio minori. Color luteus. (Ammosia, Westw.) Type M. bifasciata, Brullé (Aquinoctialis, Dej.) (Amer. merid.)
B. Elytra humeris angulato-prominentibus.
* Mandibula recta, dentibus tribus apicalibus armata (dente basali composito denticuloque ejus supero haud computatis).
‘+ Mandibula sinistra dente 2ndo minuto. Color me- tallicus, elytrorum apice macula lutea notato. Type M. Euphratica, Oliv., Dej. (Persia, India, Spain, Barbary.)
++ Mandibula sinistra dente 3tio fere obsoleto. Color totus niger. (Anaira, Hope.) Type M. sepul- chralis, Fabr., Dej. Sp. Gen. v. 199 (MM. variolosa, Dej. Sp. Gen. i. p. 14) (Amer. merid.)
** Mandibula recta dentibus quatuor apicalibus armata. Color metallicus, elytris macula lutea apicali notatis.*
* Obs.—The pale apical spot of the elytra is wanting in M. virginica, Fab., M. femoralis, Perty—and a few others.
58 Mr. J. O. Westwood on Megacephala.
+ Mandibula sinistra dente 2do minuto. Labrum denticulatum. Type M, Australasia, Hope. (Port Essington, New Holl.)
Proc. Ent. Soc. Nov. 1841; Annals of Nat. Hist, ix. 425; White, in Append. to Stokes’ Voy. Ins. pl. 1, fig. 1.
++ Mandibula sinistra dente 2ndo 8tio majori vel sequali. (Tetracha, Westw. Hope). Type Cic. Carolina, Linn. &c. (Amer. merid.)
J. O; We
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII.
Figure 1. Megacephala curta.
. Larvaof M. curta?
. Megacephala Martii.
- Larva of M. Martii?
- Megacephala Spixii.
. Larva of M. 2
- Megacephala quadricollis.
. Megacephala asperula.
2a. Head of larva of M. curta? profile. 6 a. Dorsal segment showing the hooks. 6 b. Profile of do.
onan fp oo wv
(2 OSH )
XI. On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exserted Mandibles and Labrum, and 10-jointed Antenne. Being a Supplement toa Memoir published in the Fourth Volume of the Transactions of the Entomological Society. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c.
[Read 7th June, 1852. ]
Durine the ten years which have elapsed since my paper upon those genera of Lamellicorn beetles which agree in possessing exserted mandibles and labrum, and 10-jointed antenne, was pre- sented to the Entomological Society, I have neglected no oppor- tunity of searching for any additional allied types of form not contained in that communication, and have now the pleasure of laying before the Society descriptions and figures of several new genera and species by way of supplement to my former memoir.
With respect to the distribution of the Lamellicorn insects into families, a highly important modification of the views of Latreille and MacLeay has been published by the late Dr. Erichson, in his work upon the Coleoptera of Germany (Naturgeschichte der In- secten Deutschlands, pp. 563, 717). We here find the Lamelli- cornia (including the Lucanide@) divided into two primary groups. The first (corresponding with MacLeay’s Thalerophaga, with the addition of the Dynastide and the exclusion of the Glaphyride) named
ScARABHIDES PLEUROSTICTI.
(Ligula mento connata. Spiracula abdominalia 2—6 in seg- mentorum ventralium parte dorsali sita, septimum liberum. Segmentum penultimum dorsale ventraleque connata, Larve maxillarum malis connatis)—
And containing the families Dynastide, Cetonude, Rutelide, and Melolonthide (with the Anoplognathide).
The second primary division is named ScARABHZIDES LAPAROSTICTI.
(Ligula a mento discreta. Spiracula abdominalia inter segmenta ventralia dorsaliaque sita, omnia ab elytris obtecta, Larve maxillarum malis discretis.)
It will be at once perceived that the three characters upon which these divisions are founded involve important physiological
60 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
considerations, and are therefore entitled to more weight than merely artificial characters,—such as the number of joints in the antennze or the number of spines on the tibize. The separation or junction of the ligula (or labium) with the mentum of the perfect insect, as well as the separate or connate condition of the lobes of the maxille of the larva, are of course intimately con- nected with the nature of the food of the insect, whilst the posi- tion of the spiracles of the abdomen in the imago intimates cor- responding variations in the nature of the residence or relative exposure to the air of theperfect insect.
The Scarabeides laparosticti are divided into two groups, cor- responding with the remaining families of the Linnean Scarabex and the Linnzean Lucani.*
The following is Erichson’s plan of distribution of the Scara- beeideous portion of the Laparosticti :—
A. Abdomen with six ventral semisegments. a. Epimera of the metathorax free.
I, Guarnyripz. LEpimera metathoracis libera. Antenne 10 vel 9 articulate. 4bdomen segmentis ventralibus 6 liberis. Genera Glaphyrus, Amphicoma, &c., with Aclopus, Er., and the remarkable Australian genus Phenognatha of Hope, described and figured in the fourth volume of our Transactions, p. 113, pl. VI. fig. 5, as forming a natural transition to the Hybosoride.}
II. Hysosorips. Die fiihler 10-gliedrig. Die bauch-halbringe mit Ausnahme des letzten, mit einander fast verwachsen. Genera 1. HHybosorus, Macleay. 2. Silphodes, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 160; Atimus, De}. ; Pheochrus, Lap.t 3. Bailes Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 163.§ 4, Dicraeodon, Erichson;|| Chetodus basalis, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 166.
* Notwithstanding the relations involved in the employment of Erichson’s primary characters, I cannot but think that the views of Linnzus and Latreille, in dividing the Lamellicorns into two groups, Scurabeus and Lucanus, are to be pre- ferred to those of Erichson.
t Phenognatha appears to me to be much more nearly related to Pachypus, which Dr. Erichson places in the family Melolonthide.
¢ Erichson adopts Laporte’s name for this genus. The names however of genera, so slovenly characterized as not to be recognizable, are no better than MS. or catalogue names, and must give way to names attached to correct detailed de- scriptions and full accompanying figures.
§ Erichson hypercritically has altered this name to Coelodes.
|| The type of this genus is the insect which I described under the name of
Lamellicorn Beetles. 61
5. Apalonychus,* Westw. Trans, Ent. Soc. iv. 168 ( T'richops, De}. Cat.).
III. Georrurint. Epimera metathoracis libera. Antenne 11-articulatae. Abdomen segmentis ventralibus 6.
Genera Geotrupes, Lethrus, Odonteus, Bolboceras, Athyreus.
Obs.—Ample details of the generic structure of the last three genera are given in the plates illustrating my three papers on the Athyrei and Bolbocerata in the twentieth and twenty-first volumes of the Linnzean Transactions. Monographs of the genera Athyreus and Bolboceras have also been published by Dr. Klug in the Nova Acta.
(. Epimera of the metathorax concealed.
1V. Coprives. Antenne 9 vel 8-articulate. Abdomen seg- mentis ventralibus sex connatis. Tibie postice calcare singulo.
V. Arnopiipz. Antenne 9-articulatee. Abdomen segmentis ventralibus 6 liberis. Tibia posticze spinis terminalibus binis.
Obs.—The genera Euparia, Aigialia, Chiron, Ryparus, De}.,
Corythoderus, K)., and Chetopisthes, Westw., are assigned to this family.
VI. Orpunipz. Antenne 10-articulate. Abdomen segmentis ventralibus 6. Z%bie posticze spinis terminalibus binis. Genera 1. Hypalus, De}. (Geobius, Brullé, Laporte, and Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 1717). 2. Orphnus, MacLeay, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 175. 3. Triodontus, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 172. 4. Aigidium, Dej., Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 173; and 5. Ochodeus, including Codocera, Eschsch. (Stomphaz, Fischer ; Psephus, MacLeay, MS., Kirby and Spence, Intr. i. 678), B. Abdomen with five ventral semisegments.
“« Chetodus? basalis,” from a specimen ia Mr. Melly’s collection, of which the head was wanting. Dr. Erichson, having perfect individuals from Peru, gives the following as its generic characters: —‘‘ Dicraropon, Er. Mandibule extus acute bidentate. Tibie graciles posteriores extus medio obsolete transversim carinate, antice extus crenulate, apice acute bidentate. Unguiculi simplices.” Conspect. Ins. Col. Peru, Arch. f. Naturg. 13 Jahrg. 1 Bd. i. 104.
* Erichson writes this name Hapalonychus.
t Erichson adopts Dejean’s uncharacterized name instead of Geobius, the latter being previously used for a genus of Carabide by Dejean.
62 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
VII. Trocipx. (Metathoracis epimera obtecta. Antenne
clava globulosa perfoliata. Abdomen segmentis ventralibus 5.) Thus divided :—
I. Die Augen ungetheilt. A. Die Fihlerkeule einfach durchblattert. Genera 1. Trox, F. 2. Omorgus, Er.* 3. Cryptogenius, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 169. B. Das erste glied der fiihlerkeule napfformig, die folgenden umschliessend. Genera 1. Anaides, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 167. 2. Chetodus, Westw., ib. 165.7 3. Liparochrus, Erichson (see post). II. Die Augen durch den einspringenden Kopfrand unvollstandig getheilt. Genera. Spheromorphus, Synarmostes, Cloeotus and Acantho- cerus, MacLeay. See Germar’s Memoir on these genera in the Zeitschrift f. d. Entomol. iv.
This separation of the Geotrupide into two families, Geotrupide and Hybosoride, and of the Trogide also into two families, Orphnide and Trogide, is an evident improvement. I cannot however but think that the variation in the number of segments in the abdomen is a character of too slight importance to be em- ployed as the distinctive mark of the higher divisions in families.
* Omorgus (Er. Arch. f. Nat. 13 Jahrg. 1 Bd. p. 111) is a dismemberment from the genus Trox, characterized thus:—‘‘ Ligula prominula cornea. Palpi labiales articulo 1mo longiore 2do. Mavzillarum mala interior uncis duobus corneis armata, inferiore simplici, superiore bifido, Prothorax haud ciliatus:” it is divided into two sections: A, with the scutellum hastate and the hind tibie un- armed, Tr. squalidus, Ol. verrucosus, K, Australasie, Latr., &c.; and B, with the scutellum oblong, and the hind tibiz armed with small spines. Six South American species, one wingless, 77. bullatus, Curtis, the others winged, Tr. brevicollis, Er. (leprosus, Dej.) &c.
Phoberus, MacLeay, (Hore Ent. i. 137,) founded on Tr. horridus, Fab., a Cape of Good Hope species, is overlooked by Erichson in his list of genera of Trogide. Itis described by MacLeay * scutello haud distincto.” The scutellum is, however, distinct enough in two specimens in my Collection.
t The characters employed by Dr. Erichson to distinguish his primary divisions and families are, I think, fully proved to be unsatisfactory and unnatural, when we see Chetodus removed from Silphodes, Apalonychus, &c. (amongst Erichson’s Hy- bosoride) and arranged far apart from the preceding in the family of Trogide. A comparison of the structural details of Silphodes and Chetodus, given in plate XI. of the fourth volume of our Transactions, will, I think, convince every one of the extremely intimate relation of these two genera.
Lamellicorn Beetles. 63
The additions which I have now to make to my former memoir belong to the last three of the subdivisional sections in the table of the genera given in p. 158 of my former memoir, which termi- nated with the genera Orphnus and 4 gidium.
Ocnopevs.
Ocnopaus, Megerle, MS., Dej. Cat. Ist ed. p. 56; St. Farg. et Serv. Enc. M. x. 360; Mulsant, Lamellic. de France, p. 341 ; Psephus, MacLeay, MS., Kirby and Spence, Introd. to Ent. iii. p. 678; Codocera, Eschsch. Germ. Mag. iv. 397; Stom- phax, Fischer, Entom. Imp. Russ. ii. p. 158; St. Farg. et Serv. Enc. M. x. p. 501.
The 10-jointed structure of the antennz of this genus, men- tioned in my previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. p. 156), (con- trary to the descriptions of St. Fargeau and Serville, Latreille and Mulsant), has been confirmed by Erichson (Naturg. Ins. Deutsch. p- 922). The structure also of the antennz, labrum, mandibles and maxillz of the type O. chrysomelinus having been represented in the same memoir, (pl. 12, figs. 3a, b, c, d, e,) it will only be necessary in this place to notice the structure of the lower lip and its various parts, the epimera of the metathorax, the tibial ungues, and the ventral articulation of the abdomen, with the view of showing its affinity with Orphnus and Agidium, as indicated in my tabular arrangement of the genera (Trans. Ent. Soc. iv. 158), and as given by Erichson as above mentioned in the family Orphnide.
The number of species of Odonteus is small, five only having yet been described. They appear however to be widely dis- tributed, being found, according to Dr. Erichson (who mentions his knowledge of five species), in all the quarters of the globe except Australia. The following is a synopsis of all the species hitherto described, with the addition of two new ones from my own Collection :—
Sp. 1. Ochodeus chrysomelinus, Fabricius, &c.
Ovalis, subconvexus ; fulvus, supra setulosus; clypeo ad latera bisinuato, capite et pronoto aspere granulosis, elytrisque ciliatis his striato-punctatis, interstitiis punctatis ; femoribus posticis subtus dente versus apicem parvo armatis.
Long. circ. lin. 2.
Habitat in Gallia, Germania, Austria, nec non in Albania.
(Dom. S. 8. Saunders. )
64. Mr. J. O. Westwood on
Sp. 2. Ochodeus rufus, Guérin-Méneville, Icon. R. An. Ins. p. 83, pl. 225 fg.16.
«“ Trés voisine de l’Ochodeus chrysomelinus de Fabr.; mais elle est un peu plus grande; tout son corps est d’un roux assez vif, luisant ; l’extremité des mandibules, les yeux et le bord antérieur du corselet sont bruns; la téte et le corselet sont ponctués ; les elytres ont des points plus forts, avec une petite strie prés de la suture, et quelques faibles traces de stries sur le reste de leur surface; les pattes sont velues et ciliées, les intermediaires et posterieures ont la jambe dilatée au bout et terminée par une couronne de l’épines assez longues.”
‘“¢ Habite le Senegal.”
Mus. Guérin.
Sp. 3. Ochodeus miliaris, Klug, Col. Madagascar, p. 76.
“« O. brunneus ; capite thoraceque granulatis; elytris punctato- striatis, in interstitiis elevato-punctatis.”
Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat Madagascar.
Mus. Reg. Berol.
Statura O. chrysomelini. Obscure brunneus, ferrugineo-pilosus. Caput punctis elevatis scabrum; postice obsolete punctatum, labro emarginato producto; mandibulis arcuatis, validis, intus 1-dentatis, antennis palpisque concoloribus. ‘Thorax ubique confertim elevato-punctatus. Pectus vage impresso-punc- tatum. Segmenta ventralia vix punctata, testacea. Scutellum vage punctatum. Elytra punctato-striata, punctis magnis impressis, in interstitiis punctis sparsis elevatis scabra. Pedes concolores.
Sp. 4. Ochodeus lutescens, Westw. n. sp.
Luteus, obscurus; capite, pronoti medio postice scutelloque brunneis, supra undique granulis minutissimis obsitus, et luteo-setosissimus ; mandibulis porrectis, 5-dentatis, dentibus regularibus.
Long. corp. lin. 4.
Habitat in India Orientali. D. Boys.
In Mus. Westwood.
O. chrysomelino multo major et magis depressus. Caput supra planum, margine antico paullo elevato et porrecto, carina semicirculari submarginali; tuberculisque duobus obliquis
Lamellicorn Beetles. 65
intus carinam. Labrum porrectum, lutescens, angulis rotun- datis, in medio emarginato, longe setoso. Mandibule porrecte, supra concave, lutescentes, singulo dentibus 5 castaneis (apicali incluso) sensim majoribus, duobus apicalibus acutis. Antennz pallide lutescentes, articulis 6 et 7 intus angulatis setisque nonnullis instructis, clava ovali compressa. Prono- tum transversum, margine postico curvato, luteum, opacum, undique granulatum et luteo longe-setosum; regione ante- scutellari brunnea. Scutellum elongato-triangulare, brun- neum. Elytra late ovata, subdepressa, pronoto concoloria, granulata et setosa, singulo striis novem punctorum, striis 2 et 3, e scutello, magis approximatis, duabus externis fere obsoletis. Corpus infra cum pedibus lutescens,
Plate IX. fig. 1, Insectum magnitudine auctum; la, caput supra visum ; 16, labrum; 1c, maxilla ; 1d, instrumenta labialia; 1e, ungues tarsorum.
Sp. 5. Ochodeus pictus, Westw. n.sp. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)
Niger, parum nitidus, pronoti angulis lateralibus anticis et posticis elytrisque fulvis, horum humeris, fascia irregulari media apiceque nigris, supra undique minutissime granulatus parum setosus, mandibulis irregulariter dentatis.
Long. corp. lin. 33.
Habitat in India Orientali. (D. Boys.)
In Mus. Westwood.
Caput supra fere planum, utrinque ante insertionem antennarum tuberculo elevato instructum, supra granulatum et parum setosum. Labrum nigrum, lateribus luteis. Mandibule nigree, dente apicali acuto, dentibus duobus parvis mediis, supero (presertim in mandibula sinistra) fere obsoleto, dentibusque duobus conjunctis basalibus. Antenne picee, clava magna nigra, apice luteo. Pronotum nigrum granu- losum, parum setosum, lateribus fulvis, colore fulvo in angulis anticis et posticis in maculas magnas dilatato. Elytra brevia, lata, subdepressa, minutissime granulata et parum setosa, fulva, singulo striis novem punctorum. Podex, corpus infra et pedes nigri, tarsis piceis.
Fig. 2, Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 2a, mandibula dextra ; 26, mandibula sinistra ; 2c, maxilla; 2d, instrumenta labialia ; 2e, antenna.
VOL. Il. N.S. PART I1l1.—DEC. 1852. F
66 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
Sp. 6. Ochodeus bituberculatus, Erichson, Col. Peru, p. 111.
O. testaceus, testaceo-setulosus, fronte bituberculata, femoribus muticis.
Long. prope lin. 3.
Habitat Peru.
In Mus. Reg. Berol.
Sp. 7. Ochodeus ferrugineus, Westw.
Lethrus ferrugineus, Eschscholtz in Mem. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. vi. 151.
Codocera ferrugineum, Germar, Mag. d. Ent. iv. 398.
Stomphax crucirostris, Fischer, Entomog. de la Russie, ii. p. 159, tab. 32, f. 1.
Magnitudo Aphodii fimetarii, at latior ; obscure fulvus, setosus ; mandibulis elongatis, acutis, supra antice emarginatis apice cruciatis ; antennarum geniculatarum articulo Imo magno, valde hirto; oculis nigris, elytris striatis.
Long. corp. lin, 3.
Habitat Caucasus, and Teflis in Georgia.
This species was proposed as a genus to be placed among the Lu- canideé by Fischer von Waldheim, near the genus G/salus, to which it bears a strong analogy. Dr. Erichson, however, who had doubt- less an opportunity of examining the insect, refers it to the present genus, with the observation that it is “ einer art welche durch langere, gerade, mehr vorgestreckte mandibeln von den tbrigen, namentlich von dem allgemeiner bekannten O. chrysomelinus abweicht und deshalb fir einen Lucaninen angesprochen wurde. Irrthumlich ist von Fischer die fihlerkeule als 4-gliedrig be- schrieben, und abgebildet, sie ist ebenso als beim O. chrysomelinus gebildet von dem die obige art, ausser in der form der mandibeln, keine erheblichere abweichung zeigt, als eine der vier anderen mir bekannten arten.”
The three following additional new species are unique in the Collection of M. Reiche, to whom I am indebted for an oppor- tunity of describing them, and by whom the specific names adopted below have been proposed.
Sp. 8. Ochodeus Americanus, n. sp.
Piceo-castaneus, nitidus, punctatus, luteo-setosus ; mandibula-
Lamellicorn Beetles. 67
rum margine interno 3-dentato, vertice carina transversa media; antennarum clava lutea.
Long. corp. lin. 34.
Habitat in America Boreali.
In Mus. Reiche.
Individuis majoribus O. chrysomelini magnitudine equalis at magis elongatus, coloreque obscuriori. Caput punctatissi- mum, margine antico clypei magis elevato nitido et bi-angu- lato. Mandibule supra concave, apice subacute, margine interno tridentato, sinistra inter apicem et dentem primum paullo producta; vertex carina tenui levi polita transversa abbreviata notatus. Antenne lutescentes. Prothorax punc- tatus, valde setosus. Elytra punctato-striata, spatiis inter strias punctis minutis setigeris obsitis, punctis fere in lineas tres longitudinales inter paria striarum dispositis. Pedes picei, femoribus magis rufescentibus, tibiarum anticarum dentibus duobus apicalibus magnis, 3tio basali minuto.
Plate IX. fig. 3, mandibule cum clypeo.
Sp. 9. Ochodceus luridus, n. sp.
Oblongo-ovalis, punctatissimus, luteo-testaceus, capite castaneo, vertice tuberculis duobus inter oculos transverse positis, man- dibula dextra dente 1, sinistra 2-dentata.
Long. corp. fere lin. 4.
Habitat in Mexico.
In Mus. Reiche. (An O. bituberculatus, Erich. ?)
Precedenti paullo major, et magis ovalis. Caput punctis parvis obsitum. Clypeus sub-concavus, medio marginis antici recto. Mandibula dextera apice acuto, denteque acuto in medio marginis interni armata; sinistra dente acuto sub apicem, cum incisione profunda ovali dente minori infero instructa ; vertex carina transversa recta in medio interrupta, inter oculos. Antenne lutescentes. Pronotum scabrum, punctis numerossimis. Elytra striato-punctata, interstitiis inter strlas punctis minutis setigeris triplici serie fere regulariter ordinatis. Pedes lutescentes, tibiis anticis ut in specie pre- cedenti formatis.
Plate IX. fig. 4, mandibulez cum clypeo.
Sp. 10. Ochodeus rugatus, n. sp. (Plate IX. fig. 5.)
Piceo-castaneus, elytris magis piceis, punctatus; capitis ver- tice haud earinato, elytris profundius striatis, punctisque majoribus insculptis ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.
F2
68 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
Long. corp. lin. 33.
Habitat in Nova Granada.
In Mus. Reiche.
Przcedenti magnitudine aqualis, at magis depressus et subinde latior; rugositate elytrorum, tibiarumque anticarum struc- tura primo intuitu e ceteris distinctissima. Caput supra fere planum, profundius punctatum, haud carinatum; clypei mar- gine antico haud angulato, subrotundato. Antenne picee, articulo basali castaneo (clava deterita). Mandibula dextera apice acuto, dente parvo acuto in medio marginis interni; sinistra dente majori interno, incisione profunda media, mar- gine infero incisionis haud in dentem producto. Prono- tum convexum, punctis majoribus et magis distantibus in- sculptum. Elytra profundius striata punctisque profundis in striis dispositis, interstitiis inter strias rugosis, punctis paucioribus setosis. Pedes piceo-castanel, tibiis anticis den- tibus duobus zqualibus apicalibus, denteque 3tio minori obtuso fere medio armatis.
Plate IX. fig. 5, Insectum magnitudine auctum; fig. 5a, caput supra visum cum labro; fig. 56, mandibule; fig. 5c, maxille; fig. 5d, labium.
Obs. Ochodeus chrysomelinus habitat in Albania (Dom. S. S. Saunders), nec non in India Orientali (Dom. Hearsey). Indi- viduum Indicum in Mus. Reichei vidi cum nomine Ochodeus In- dianus inscriptum, ex Europeis haud differre videtur. Alterum amico Hearseio transmissum majus, dentibus mandibularum dis- tinctioribus, elytrisque magis setosis, setis in seriebus quatuor fere regularibus inter strias dispositis ; vix tamen species distincta.
Liparocnkrvus, Erichson. (Ranidia, Westw. MS. olim.)
This genus has been merely indicated by Dr. Erichson in his distributions of the Z’rogide (above detailed) with the following short note: ‘ Eine neue-hollandische gattung welche in der kér- perform an Acanthocerus erinnert, aber nicht kugeln kann; die hinteren schienen sind auch nicht schildférmig erweitert sondern dick und mit borsten reihen besetzt: das erste glied der fihler ist ebenfalls nicht erweitert und die augen sind nicht durchsetzt.” (Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. p. 925.)
The following are the characters of this curious genus :—
Corpus breve, ovale, gibbosum, glabrum, nitidum ; capite parvo inermi; prothorace elytrorum fere latitudine, Jateribus re- flexis. Caput subquadratum, angulis anticis lateralibus rotun- datis, margine antico parum reflexo. Labrum breve, trans-
Lamellicorn Beetles. 69
versum, integrum. Mandibule porrecte breves, basi lato, interne in laminam tenuem producte, apice subfalcatee supra versus apicem subemarginate. Mazille lobis duobus cori- aceis, setosis, inermibus. Palpi maxillares satis breves, articulo 2do et 4to longioribus. Mentum subquadratum, valde setosum. Labium breve, transversum, in medio emar- ginatum. Palpi labiales brevissimi, 3-articulati, in scapos duos latiores insidentes. Antenne breves, 10-articulate, articulo basali crasso setoso, tribus ultimis clavam subsemi- globularem formantibus, articulo 1mo clave majori reliquis duobus recipienti. Prothorax transversus, convexus, angulis anticis porrectis, marginibus lateralibus parum reflexis. Scu- tellum parvum, triangulare. Hlytra gibbosa, tuberculo hume- rali prominenti. Pedes breves. Tibie anticee 3-dentate basique externe denticulatze et calcari unico longo terminali instructe. Tibie 4-postice extus sensim crassiores, subtri- quetre, angulis serratis et setosis, calcaribus duobus longis instructe. Jars? cum unguiculis simplices,
The general appearance of the species of this genus is very similar to that of some of the more oval formed Acanthocerides, but the eyes are not divided by a canthus at the sides of the head, nor are the four hind tibize dilated; the clypeus is also much more quadrate, and the first joint of the club of the antenne is cup-shaped, receiving the second and third joints, which, especially the last, is very much smaller than the first joint of the club. In its structural details it approaches very closely to dnaides, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. IV. Pl. XI. fig. 6, and details, and Hybosorus, ditto, Pl. XI. fig. 1.
Sp. 1. Liparochrus geminatus, Westw. (Plate IX. fig. 6.) Piceo-niger, nitidus ; capite transversim rugoso, pronoto et ely- tris vage punctatis; his striis gracillimis per paria dispositis impressis. Long. corp. lin. 4. Habitat in Nova Hollandia, prope Adelaidam, In Mus. Westwood.
Caput subquadratum, angulis anticis lateralibus rotundatis, supra subconvexum; margine antico parum reflexo, supra transversim punctatum. Antenne et mandibulz castaneo- piceze. Pronotum nigrum, nitidissimum, convexum, punctis parvis vage impressum, lateribus parum reflexis, subcastaneis et magis rugosis. Elytra convexa, nitida, sutura subcastanea,
70 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
parcius punctata, singulo striis 9 gracillimis, suturali impari, reliquis per paria dispositis. Pedes nigri.
Fig. 6, Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 6 a, caput a latere visum; 6, clypeus, mandibula, labrum et antenna; 6c, antenna; 6d, apex clave antennarum ; 6e, mandibula; 6f, maxilla; 6g, instrumenta labialia; 6h, tibia et tarsus an- licus; 67, tibia et tarsus posticus.
Sp. 2. Liparochrus fossulatus, Westw.
Niger, capite punctatissimo obscuro, pronoto zeneo-nitido, punctis minimis vage impresso, lateribus castaneis; elytris nigris, nitidis, callositate humerali castaneo, striatis, striis dor- salibus punctis magnis notatis.
Long. corp. lin. 4.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia, prope Adelaidam.
In Mus. Westwood.
Caput subquadratum, angulis anticis rotundatis, disco puncta- tissimo. Mandibule et antenne piceze. Pronotum glaberri- mum, punctis minimis vage impressum zeneum, lateribus reflexis castaneis. Elytra nigra, nitidissima, singulo striis novem, dorsalibus per paria dispositis, punctis magnis ovali- bus parum profundis impressa. Pedes nigri.
Sp. 3. Liparochrus sculptilis, Westw. (Pl. IX. fig. 7.)
Piceo-niger, subnitidus, marginibus pronoti castaneis, undique punctatissimus, punctis pronoti et elytrorum transversim plus minusve confluentibus; elytris striatis, striis per paria dis- positis, tibiis anticis 2-dentatis.
Long. corp. lin. 5.
Habitat in Novee Hollandiz partibus orientalibus, prope flu- vium Mundarra dictum.
In Mus. D. Bond.
Przecedentibus duobus fere duplo major, minus convexus, sub- nitidus, punctatissimus. Caput parvum, subquadratum, an- gulis anticis rotundatis, punctis numerosis, distinctis et pro- fundis impressum; vertice postice transversim elevato nitido, vix tamen carinato. Maxille lobi interni apice in dentem obtusum brevem producto, Pronotum punctis minutis ob- longis transversis numerosissimis undique insculptum. Elytra rotundata, dorso parum depressa, undique punctis minutis curvatis plus minusve confluentibus, striisque novem simpli- cibus longitudinalibus in singulo ornatis, per paria dispositis ; suturali sola impari. Pedes picei, tibiae anticee ante medium
Lamellicorn Beetles. ra
parum dilatata, extus serrata, dentibus duobus apicalibus tantum armatis.
Plate IX. fig. 7, Insectum magnitudine auctum; fig. 7a, maxillarum lobi api- cales; fig. 7b, tibia antica.
Graresis, Frivaldszky, MS.
This is another remarkable genus, merely indicated by Dr. Erichson, at the end of the Lamellicorn beetles, in the following note: ‘‘ Der noch unbeschriebene gattung Glaresis, Friv., gehort auch vermuthlich zu den Trogiden, ich habe zu indess noch nicht naher untersucht. Ein merkwiirdiger kafer (Gl. rufa, Friv., aus Ungarn), welcher in seinen Aeussern auch an Psammodius erin~ nert. Die fiihlerkeule ist sehr gross. Die mandibeln sind an der wurzel breit, die spitze ist schmal und scharf. Die augen sind vom erweiterten kopfrande halb durchsetzt. Der hinterleib ist ganz hautig, von unten durch die verdickten hinterbeine gedeckt. Die hinterschienen sind an der spitze hackenformig velangert; die hinterfusse sehr kurz. Von den tbrigen T'rogiden weicht diese gattung auch dadurch merklich ab, dass die beine keine scharr,—sondern wirkliche Grabbeine sind.”—WNaturg. Ins. Deutschl. Col. p. 925, note.
The following are the detailed characters of this little genus, which, in the structure of the mouth, appears to me to approach much nearer Orphnus and Aigidium than to Trogide. The struc- ture of the antenne, mandibles and maxille clearly proves that there is no real relation between this genus and Psammodius.
Corpus obovatum, antice angustius, convexum, setulosum. Caput (fig. 8a), breve, latum, inerme, utrinque ante lobum oculos secantem incisum, oculi septo semidivisi (fig. 8b). Cly- peus brevissimus. Labrum breve, transversum, vix emargi- natum, angulis lateralibus rotundatis, ciliatum. M/andibule porrectze, corneze, extus rotundate hirsute, basi latiores, dente acuto curvato terminate, intus ante apicem lobo lato truncato, et incisione prope basin, membrana obsita, in- structe (fig. 8c). Mazille elongate bilobate, lobis spinulis seu ciliis robustis curvatis armatis, extus setis longis in- structee. Palpi maxillares breves, articulo basali brevissimo; ultimo crassiori elongato-ovale (fig. 8d). Mentum subqua- dratum, antice paullo latius, valde setosum. Labium vix productum, setis obtectum. Palpi labiales, breves, clavati, articulo basali brevissimo, tertio magno subtruncato (fig. 8 e).
72 Mr. J. O. Westwood on
Antenne breves, 10-articulate, articulo Imo apice clavato, 2ndo robusto, 3—7 brevissimis oblique transversis, 8vo max- imo reliquis duobus subincludenti (fig. 8f). Prothorax transversus, capite latior, antice paullo angustior, lateribus subrotundatis, angulis posticis acutis. lytra magna, con- vexa, podicem tegentia, profunde sulcata, spatio angusto inter sulcos elevato setoso. Pedes antici breves. Semora crassa, tibia extus tridentate (fig. 8g). Pedes intermedii graciles, tibia prope medium spinula parva armate (fig. 8h). Pedes postici breves, femoribus valde incrassatis, tibiis bre- vibus latis pone medium extus emarginatis, apice in lobum crassum oblique truncatum producto (fig. 8 2).
Species unica. Glaresis Frivaldszkyi, Westw. (P1. 1X. fig. 8.)
Glaresis rufa, Frivaldszky, MS.
Totus luteo-rufescens, opacus, pronoto subnitido, capite tenu- issime punctato, pronoto punctato, sulco medio impresso, elytrorum singulo 9-sulcato, spatio angusto inter sulcos granulato et setoso.
Long corp. lin. 2.
Habitat in Hungaria.
Mus. Hope, nostr. &c.
Fig. 8, Insectum magnitudine auctum; 8a, caput cum mandibula dextra ; 8b, oculus septo semidivisus; 8c, mandibula; 8d, maxilla; 8e, mentum cum palpis lateralibus ; 8f, antenna; 8g, pes anticus ; 8h, pes intermedius; 8%, pes posticus.
The family Zrogzd@ has been further enriched with a new genus by M. Mulsant, the distinguished Entomologist of Lyons, under the name and character of
EREMAZUS.
‘‘ Pieds intermédiaires aussi rapprochés que les autres a leur naissance. LEcusson visible. Elytres embrassant l’abdomen dans son pourtour, et cachant le pygidium. LEpistome tronqué en devant. Labre transverse; débordant faiblement l’epistome, et laissant a découvert la majeure partie des mandibules, qui sont cornées. Antennes insérées au devant des yeux, sous un faible rebord de la téte: a premier article hérissé de cils. Yeux trés- rétrécis en dessus par les joues et par le front, faiblement visibles prés des angles de devant du prothorax ; celui-ci non sillonné.
Lamellicorn Beetles. 73
Palpes maxillaires 4 dernier article plus long de tous, rétréci de la base a l’extremité. Ventre moins long que les deux derniers segments pectoraux. Cuisses renflées. Jambes de devant forte- ment tridentées au cé6té externe. Tarses rétrécis 4 partir de Yextremité du premier article ; celui-ci en triangle allongé. Ongle unique. Corps suballongé.
‘“‘ Les insectes de cette coupe, par la forme de leurs corps, se rapprochent des premiers Pleurophorates, dont ils s’éloignent par la grosseur de leurs cuisses. Ils ont plus d’analogie avec les Psammodiaires, et semblent servir 4 unir ceux-ci aux Trogidiens.”
It is to be regretted that M. Mulsant has omitted to describe the form of the scutellum, and to state whether the elytra are soldered together, or whether the insect is winged, as well as to describe the structure of the mandibles, maxilla, mentum, and labium ; so that, in the absence of these particulars, we are quite unable to determine the precise affinities of the genus.
The genus consists of a single species.
Eremazus unistriatus, Mulsant, Proceed. Acad. des Scienc. Lyon, 13 February, 1851.
“« Suballongé et subparallele; d’un fauve obscur sur la téte et sur le prothorax, plus pale et plus roussdtre sur les elytres: celles-ci rayées d’une strie naissant du calus, et offrant posté- rieurement les traces de deux autres stries.”
Long. corp. 14 lin.; lat. 2 lin.
Habitat Algeria.
I take the opportunity of adding two further communications having reference to the previously-published Memoir upon these Lamellicorn insects, with which I have been also favoured by M. Reiche, of Paris.
Orphnus Verreauxii, Reiche. (Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. IV. p: 179.)
M. Reiche informs me that this insect is the true Scarabeus Corydon, Olivier, Ent. n. 227, t. 28, f. 245; Oliv. Abb. Sturm. i. p. 113, n. 227, t. 52, f. 4; Schonherr, Syn. Ins. i. p. 15.
Scarabeus Silenus, Jablonsky, Nat. S. ii. p. 87, n. 70, t. 10, £2.
Scarabeus Rhinoceros minor, Voet, Col. t. 18, f. 119, ed. Panz. fips 9; mn. 219.
74 Mr. J. O. Westwood on Lamellicorn Beetles.
Triodontus Owas, Reiche, MS. (PI. IX. fig. 9.)
Castaneo-piceus, nitidissimus leevis, capite cornu erecto armato, pronoto antice retuso, 6-dentato, elytris striisque longitudina- libus gracillimis vix punctatis.
Long. corp. lin. 7.
Habitat in Madagascar.
In Mus. Reiche, Parisiis.
Tr. nitidulo (Westw. Tr. Ent. Soc. IV. 173) triplo major, pro- notoque magis armato. Caput semicirculare, nitidum, leeve, margine antico parum elevato; vertice cornu valido erecto armatum. Mandibule acutissimz, singula dentibus duobus marginis interni acutis (in dextera magis approximatis.) Maxille lobo supero dentibus duobus validis curvatis acutis armato; lobo infero etiam bidentato. Pronotum leve, niti- dum, antice valde retusum, in medio dentibus duobus con- tiguis alterisque duobus in utroque latere, margine postico nec non basi elytrorum serie transversa impressionum profun- darum. Elytra leevissima, nitida, singulo striis 9 gracillimis vix punctatis notata. Pedes castanei.
Plate IX. fig. 9, Insectum magnitudine auctum ; fig. 9a, mandibule ; fig. 96, maxillarum lobi apicales; fig. 9c, antenne.
COVES")
XII. Contributions towards the Natural History of British Microlepidoptera. By J. W. Dovetas, Esa.
[Read Sth July, 1852.]
Unper this title I propose to give a descriptive account of the early state of our native Tineid@ as the particulars may from time to time be discovered, accompanied by illustrative figures from the pencil of Mr. William Wing.
When the importance of such a labour is considered, with respect to the natural history and determination of species, the facility of acquiring rare species by a knowledge of their habits and food as larvze, and also with reference to the wide field there is for re- search, I trust I may be pardoned for entering on such an extensive arena, and for requesting, as I now do, to be furnished with ex- amples of such larvee as may occur to collectors. I am also not without hope, that seeing how much light is thrown upon the species of our smaller moths by such investigations as these, our collectors will direct more attention to larvee than they have hitherto done, and rival our brethren of France and Germany.
While it will thus be seen that the elucidation of the natural history of species is the intention of these memoirs, it may also probably happen, although I see no reason to give the first place to characters derived from larvae, that some assistance may be derived therefrom towards deciding difficult points in the generic association of species.
Genus Getecuia, Zeller.
At a cursory glance the three species, Gelechia contigua, blan- della, and fraternella, might easily be taken for varieties of one: the difference between contigua and blandella appears to be more one of colour than of marking, and fraternella comes so near to contigua that at first it was placed as a variety of it. That these are three good and distinct species will now be satisfactorily shown, and it is hoped that no long period may elapse before the distinctness of G. marmorea, junctella, maculiferella, and Hiibneri, species also very similar to each other, may be as decidedly made out by the discovery of the earlier states of each.
If in the month of March we walk by the side of a hedge where Stellaria holostea grows, we may observe that many of the terminal shoots of the plant are drawn up and frequently discoloured; if we investigate more closely the cause of these appearances, we shall find that the leaves are drawn together by a small whitish-
76 Mr. J. W. Douglas’s Contributions towards the
yellow larva with pink stripes, which devours them from within : later in the season, towards the middle of April, we may notice the flower shoots drawn together in the same way, and on opening them we generally find that the young buds have all been de- voured, and the excrements of the voracious larva left in their place. All this is by G. contigua.
If we examine the same plant early in May we shall again find the young shoots drawn together, but no longer by the same larva. We now meet with a pale greenish-yellow larva, without any pink stripes: and later, when the seeds are nearly ripe, we find, on opening the capsules, that many of them contain the same greenish- yellow larva, nearly full fed. This is G. blandella. The S. holostea has thus its young shoots devoured by two enemies, one of which afterwards leaves them for the flower buds, while the other takes to the seeds.
At the beginning of April, if we bring our eyes near the ground in places where Stellaria uliginosa grows, and push aside the grass or withered leaves that may cover it, we shall find the young shoots, many of them hardly an inch above the ground, but instead of being of a regular form as healthy shoots should be, they are knobbed and twisted in a very singular way: each of them contains a dirty brown Lepidopterous larva. It may seem incredible that this should be the larva of so scarce a species as G. frater- nella, for a glance around will show us it is evidently no rarity, but it is the habit of the perfect insect to keep very quiet, and hence it is rarely seen; whereas, judging from the abundance of contorted shoots of the S. uliginosa, there are few insects more plentiful.
Gelechia contigua, Haworth, Douglas. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. V. p. 196.) .
Larva (Pl. X. fig. 1).—Length 4 lines.—Robust; pale dull whitish, with a greenish-yellow tinge, and with many short hairs placed in rows. Head black, second segment black above, with a slight pinky line in the centre; a pink stripe down the centre of the back, on each side of which are two other stripes of the same colour, that nearest the centre being broader than the other and wavy ; a still slenderer line of the same colour just above the legs. On the top of each segment after the second are four smal] black dots, the two anterior ones, on the central segments, being nearer to the dorsal] stripe than the two posterior; a row of black dots on the side between the second and third pink stripes, and another row above the legs, one dot being on each segment: on the third,
Natural History of British Microlepidoptera. 77
fourth, and last segments these dots are placed nearly in a trans- verse line. Six pectoral legs black, eight ventral and two anal legs the colour of the body.
This larva, the discovery of which is due to Mr. Stainton, is found, generally full grown by the middle of April, in the young terminal shoots of Stellaria holostea (fig. 1a), the leaves of which it agglutinates and twists into a habitation, in and on which it feeds, removing therefrom and forming other similar dwellings as occasion requires.
Pupa (fig. 1 b).—Brown, with a short anal spine; formed on the ground within a cocoon spun by the larva, to which small particles of earth, &c. adhere.
Imago (fig. 1c).—Appears in June and July.
Gelechia blandella (Fischer v. R.), Zeller, Douglas. (Trans, Ent. Soc. Vol. I. (N. S.) p. 246.)
Larva (PI. X. fig. 2).—Length 4 lines.—Light greenish-yellow. Head black, second segment black above, with a fine white central line, and asmall black dot on the side. Each of the other segments bears six very small black dots, whereof four are on the back, placed as in G. contigua, and one on each side, from each of them pro- ceeds a short hair: there are also some minor dots, one or two on each segment lower down on the side forming a row: more or less visible according to the age of the larva. Six pectoral legs brownish, the first pair are darker than the other two pairs, the eight ventral and two anal legs are of the colour of the body.
Feeds at first on the young shoots of Stellaria holostea, the leaves of which it draws together just like G. contigua. It after- wards feeds upon the seeds of the same plant (fig. 2a) within the capsules, and is full grown about the middle of June. These par- ticulars were discovered by Mr. Stainton.
Pupa.—Like G. contigua and fraternella, and formed in a cocoon.
Imago (fig. 2c).—Appears in July.
Gelechia fraternella, Douglas. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. I. (N.S.) p- 101.)
Larva (Pl. X. fig. 3).—Length 4 lines.—Robust, light dirty brown, with many short dark hairs, placed in rows. Head small, black ; second segment black above, with a fine central white line; four black dots with a white pupil, on the back of each of the other segments, the posterior two being further from the centre than the anterior two, especially on the middle segments, being on
78 Mr. J. W. Douglas’s Contributions towards the
the third, fourth and last disposed more in a transverse line ; on the side is a row of black dots, one on each segment, and another similar row lower down above the legs. Six pectoral legs black, eight ventral and two anal legs the colour of the body. |
Found from the beginning of April to the middle of May on the young shoots of Stellaria uliginosa (fig. 8a), the leaves of which it fastens together, making a habitation in which it lives and eats, and from which it removes and forms another as often as the supply of food becomes exhausted. Unlike its congeners, it is very dull and inactive in its movements.
Pupa (fig. 3 b).—Brown, with a short anal spine ; changes from the larva on the surface of the ground, within a cocoon of earth and small fragments of vegetable matter.
Imago (fig. 3c).—Appears in July. I described this species in the Transactions of this Society (Vol. I. (N.S.) p.101) from a specimen taken in Mr. Stainton’s hedges, but now, compared with a bred specimen, the colours are dull and faded.
First the perfect insect and then the larva were discovered by
Mr. Stainton at Lewisham, and I found the latter at Penge and West Wickham.
Genus Cortrornora, Zeller.
The larvee of this genus are singularly interesting. They make cases, which in the several species differ greatly in form and colour; in these they live and literally move, for they carry them about throughout the whole period of their existence. ‘They feed on the leaves of plants, subsisting on the parenchyma, to obtain which they partially emerge from their cases, and thrust their bodies into leaves between the cuticles, often so far that but a small portion remains in the case, but they appear to have no dif- ficulty in returning. As they grow they enlarge their cases by adding portions of the leaves of the plant upon which they feed, the sutures of the pieces joined on usually remaining visible ; they also have the power of forming entirely new cases. As might be expected from these larvee having to carry such cumbersome cases, their movements are not very active, and in some instances are very grotesque. When full-fed they turn round in their cases, after having made the mouth-end fast, and then become pupe ; and when they assume the perfect state, the pupa skin does not project from the case, but remains within, so that it frequently happens to the collector that he takes cases fastened up, but from which the tenant has escaped.
Natural History of British Microlepidoptera. 79
The habits of the perfect insects are very retired, and it is quite possible for a species to be in abundance in a locality, and yet never be seen; the larvee, however, cannot so easily escape observation, for from their mode of feeding, ingenious though it seems, and apparently likely to retard their discovery, they are in fact readily detected. The larva attaches its case to the underside of a leaf, and penetrating the lower epidermis, feeds on the parenchyma. The case is out of sight, under the leaf, the larva is partly in the case, partly in the leaf, thus also out of sight; but by eating the parenchyma, it discolours the upper surface, which at that spot appears white, yellow or brown, or at any rate of a different colour from the rest; so soon therefore as we ob- serve this discoloration of the leaf, we turn it over, and there, fast to the underside, find the case of the larva.
The three species of Coleophora here mentioned have been dis- covered within the last few years.
If in February or March we look in a hedge-bottom where Glechoma hederacea grows, we shall frequently find white blotches on the leaves, and under these leaves the long brown cases of albitarsella.
If early in May we search the Centaurea migra, we may per- chance find some transparent pale brown blotches, caused by the larvee of Alcyonipennella; it does not appear nearly so generally distributed as albitarsella.
If in April we examine the Stellaria holostea, we may observe many plants in which half the leaves have become white ; this is the work of solitariella, the cases of which will be found attached to the undersides of the leaves.
Coleophora albitarsella, Zeller. (Linn. Ent. IV. p. 378.)
Larva case (Pl. XI. fig. 1)—Length 5 lines.—Black, cylin- drical, slightly curved, brownish and flattened at the apex, and there produced on one side into a thin projecting structure like a keel or the blade of an oar ; a slightly raised suture also extends along the same side the whole of the remaining length of the case. The margin of the mouth is slightly expanded.
Larva (fig. 1 a).—Length 33 lines.—Dull, greenish white, a few fine hairs at each extremity; head pale brown; second segment pale brown above, the anterior margin still paler, a faint light line down the centre; third segment with two large black spots, divided by a pale line; fourth segment with two oval black spots; there is also a black dot at the side of the second, third and fourth seg-
80 Mr. J. W. Douglas’s Contributions towards the
ments, and a quadrate black patch on the anal segment. Six pectoral legs slightly brownish, eight ventral and two anal legs concolorous with the body.
The larvze feed on Glechoma hederacea growing in hedges and shady places, adhering to the underside of the leaves, and betray- ing their presence by the white spots made by the extraction of the parenchyma (fig.1 6). They are hatched in summer, and feed till quite late in the autumn, and are again found active in March, which is the best time to take them, for although they feed till May, they are not easily seen when the plant has grown up.
Imago (fig. 1 c).—Appears in June and July.
This species was exceedingly rare in England until Mr. Stain- ton found the larve.
Coleophora Alcyonipennella, Kollar, Zeller. (Lin. Ent. IV. p: 208.)
Larva case (Pl. XI. fig. 2).—Length 4 lines —Black, with a whitish line along the side, cylindrical, straight, behind the mouth abruptly and shortly curved, the apex triangular.
Larva (fig. 2a).— Length 3 lines. — Dull whitish-yellow, a few fine hairs at each extremity. Head black or black-brown ; second segment black above, with a fine white line in the centre, and a black spot on each side; third segment with a long, black, transverse, posterior spot, at each end of which, but anterior, is a somewhat oval black spot, and a small dot below; fourth seg- ment with two black spots on each side; anal segment with a black patch. Six pectoral legs whitish, annulated with brown ; eight ventral and two anal legs the colour of the body, the latter pair with a slight spot of black.
This larva feeds on the leaves of Centaurea nigra in April and the beginning of May, causing the appearance of white spots (fig. 2b). It was discovered last year at Birkenhead by Mr. C. S. Gregson, and this year I took it at Sanderstead and Lee.
Imago (fig. 2 c) appears in June.
Coleophora solitariella, Zeller. (Lin. Ent. LV. p. 397.)
Larva case (Pl. XI. fig. 3).—Length 4 lines.—Straight, slender, three-fourths of the circumference dull brownish-grey ; the other fourth whitish, with a very fine raised suture on each portion ; apex whitish, triangular; mouth widened, and just behind it the case is curved obliquely.
Larva (fig. 3a).—Length 33 lines. —Pale dull ochreous. Head light brown; second segment dark brown above, with a fine
Natural History of British Microlepidoptera. 81
white line down the centre, anterior margin pale, at the side a black dot; third segment with two posterior, triangular, brown spots divided by a fine white interval ; anteriorly and towards each side is a pointed black dot, and a black dot on each side; fourth segment with two black dots somewhat removed from the centre, and on the side one similar black dot; the anal segment with a nearly quadrate black patch, and a small black dot at the base of the short anal legs. Six pectoral legs pale brownish, eight ven- tral and two anal legs the colour of the body. Feeds on the leaves of Stellaria holostea (fig. 3b), which thereby become dis- coloured.
Last autumn Messrs. Grant and Dunning found several of the cases at Putney on Stellaria holostea, and the larva lived through the winter. In April this year, Mr. Stainton discovered the larvee on the same plant growing in hedges at Lewisham. The specific name has proved to be singularly inappropriate, for the larvee are quite gregarious, five or six being commonly seen on a shoot of the plant Scellaria: but they are difficult to rear.
Imago (fig. 3c) appears in July. Zeller described this species from a single specimen bred from a case found by him attached to grass; it is very rare in collections in this country.
XIII. Notes on the Development of Osmia parietina, and other British Insects. By F. Smiru, Esa. [Read August 2nd, 1852.]
In the ninth volume of the ‘“ Zoologist’” I published some account of the habits of Osmia parietina, a little bee which had selected the under side of a stone on which to affix the balls of pollen on which to deposit its eggs. This stone was discovered in early spring on the Grampian Hills, near Perth, too early in the season for any of the brood to have issued from the cocoons. At the time of its discovery about one-third of the cocoons were empty, showing that at least that portion of the mass had been developed during the previous season. The only difficulty was this—had the parent bee or bees deposited on the same stone two successive seasons? ‘The stone came into my possession in the autumn of 1851; and in the month of November, finding that a number of the cocoons were still unopened, I cut one or two in such a manner that I could raise as it were a trap-door and watch the progress of the bees. All that I opened contained larve. After closing them, and carefully preventing the admission of air, VOL. Il. N.S. PART UI.—DEC. 1852. G
82 Mr. F. Smith’s WVotes on the Development
I left them undisturbed until the month of April of the present year. I found them at that time still in the larva state, in which they remained until the beginning of June, when they changed to pupee. On the fourth of July a male came forth, and subse- quently a female. ‘The rest perished in the cocoons during my absence in the country, having been exposed to the intense heat of the sun. This was a matter of little consequence; an impor- tant discovery had been made. A portion of the deposit of eggs made in 1849 had been three years in arriving at their perfect development. It were vain, in my opinion, to attempt to account for the circumstance. In the first instance, the whole mass of eggs had been subject to the same influences, and had produced larvee, some of which had become perfect bees in 1850—others in 1851,—leaving about twenty-five out of 230, about the original number, to be developed in 1852. This, I believe, is the first instance on record of such a circumstance occurring in the aculeate Hymenoptera, although numerous instances have, I believe, been observed in other orders. I have before noticed the non-deve- lopment of numerous individuals out of a quantity of the larve of Anthophora retusa during the first season; and any one who will examine a colony of Anthophora in the month of November will find both larvee and perfect insects. Circumstances such as I have recorded may serve in some measure to account for the abun- dance or scarcity of certain species during different seasons; but I must confess myself quite unable to advance any opinion as to the cause of this arrest of development.
I feel that I am justified in stating 1849 as the time when the deposit of eggs took place, and I believe it to have been made by several bees using the same spot for that purpose. It is clear that in 1850 about one-third were developed, and a portion having been retarded until 1852, I think it a fair presumption that the whole deposit was made in the same and not in successive seasons.
In the month of March last I observed that many young shoots of the aspen, in Turner’s Wood, Hampstead, were much swollen, at distances varying from four to six or eight inches apart,—on splitting them, I found a channel, varying from three to four inches in length, up the middle of the stick; at the extremity of which was either the larva of a longicorn beetle, or