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Hardware

Last Chanoe Sale: by Paul Donnelly. Call 261-6934. All items are as is, where is, but all worked last time I had them out of the box!

New; TS1000..Complete in original carton w/all original cable, etc.

$10.00 TS1016.. 16K Ram Pack it $ 5.00 Used; for TS1000 Aerco Disk Drive System Includes motherboard, power supply and disk drive. Also nearly a dozen disks full of software. $95.00

Zebra Light Pen . $ 5.00

Parrot Voice Synthesizer for TS1000, with software, and special phoneme Program. Unit as described in Syntax and Sync Magazines, uses chips sold by Radio Shack, and used in other systems. Will work on TS 2068, but you have to write your own software(it can be done in BASIC). $10.00

Oliger interface system. motherboard(3-slot), and EPROM read and write boards. $11.00

Byte Back interface. Has eight REAL Relays to tie your TS1000 into the real world. Software provided. $10.00

Both TS1000 & 2068:

Timex MODEM, original equipment, complete, but without case. software(Mterm) available.. $ 5.00 Used Т52068:

TS2068 Color Computer Complete , in factory carton, with all original equipment, AND INSTALLED Romswitch for Spectrum compatibility.

51.00 Zebra Voice Synthesizer, with software. Probably works with TS1000, also, but would need software. А $10.00 Software : Used Cassettes(who knows whats on'em) $ 0.05

With case, add .05 T$1000 Cassettes ..Brand new, no choice of titles, use for PERFECT data

tapes(to choose titles $0.25 ea) $ 0.10

TS2068 cassettes, and Spectrum software $ 1.00

TS2068 Cartridges , $ 2.00

Books: various interfacing, programming, etc. $ 1.00 Special!

Printer!!!!

Centronics 101 printer with test board, spare ribbon, and starter supply of paper. Wide carriage, uppercase only(Just perfect for TS1000), parallel type interface(Centronics established the standard printer, used even by IBM today) required. This printer is in operating conndition. 1% weighs over 100 lbs., and is built like a rock. You'll need a space about 30" by 24" for it though.

You pick up! ; $20.00

Faul Donnelly 261-6934

-4-

TIMEX LOSIC, PART II Statements may became mare ————M———————— complex than these, but по mat- ier hou man: gic conditiogris In the preceding chapter we EREE mas UE а cds Lic ICCC Bt ve 18 always a^ ff Learned that iogic is number "т group mee їє® апа paral- ariented, and that conditions tet circui he resulting which are TRUE are replaced bu diagram ші relatively eazu the computer with a logic value to &naluze re both AND and oF 1, and conditions which are OR conditi i in а £ztatie- FALSE are replaced by a tagic ment, conn 4p candi- "alue or а, Program Lines with Liane fir ав а higher statements containing a single priority ti nzider the Logic condition usually present following NEUE no problem to understand, e&eith- er ta devise when treating a IF X ^" Yad OF Y-Z program, or to determine their HEN... eas effect in one thet ifs atready Existing. This Line we be diagramed by First conne the AHD соп But there are EMT acca- ditions inta = 3 branches sions where tuo ofr more condi- and then conne 3 the various tions must be acted upon joint- branches in ра ёі. It would Ly before the computer can take end up Likes: Proper actian. This is done by appropriately connecting the Logic conditions with the logic operators, AND and OR.

AND can be likened to connect- ing tua Logic conditions in sere ies, 50 that both conditions

must be considered, ane and From this then the other, before proper readily see action can be taken. Buch а tion wilt t Statement might арр аг 8£.2:..: oF ihe thre thing But IF X>¥ AND O=8 THEN.... 29 dicor ci od i mt f Gther tuo brat In a diagram arrangement this pie. if X is € айе statement сап be Showin sz... to ihe top bra : ac n OCCU TEF IF Х›Ү, AND C=5 THEN eee eee ————9 dM — سود‎ In such a diagram we might өтүү Ce. dud Е igh consider computer functioning RECO Gr У Da Ind teri Ро iocus rini кае AU ҺЕ DA eee Logic of a Statement in which current in an electrical cir- they appear Priarty requires cuit. The two conditions might thet the computer consider them then be analogous 1с switches i Paes and the resulting diagram iTi the Eire uii, closed if a соп — сета zh thie. Insert Ene dition is TRUE and open if it parenthe at random into the is FALSE. So visually, this dia— TEWIGUE iement and it might gram shows that AND requires Я нгі рб Both conditions to be TRUE for SOR Ud T current to flow and the THEN IF iX«4 OR ХУВ) AND action to take place. (Y»4 OR Yee AND Z<>@) THEN.. OR, in as £iatiement, can be —-—mmerr*i1n suce fiements with- likened to connecting tuo Logic ou eU M ciclo conditions in parallel so that oot hri didsrsHlcuse 2 if either condition is TRUE, 3e Uc IUOS нден NON its branch conducts and the = THEN action takes place. Such a statement and its correspond- ing diagram might lock Like the Following exampi&...... IF “oY OR C=5 THEN...: хуу IF THEN CzB Now it should be apparent at a glance that there are 4 paths bu which current can Flow; thus Four possible combinations of conditions that wilt produce a THEN action.

In the use diaarafmz, ane can work back d From a dia- gram to prod а Statemeni or Logic that ui Cover any con- cEeivable set af conditions. It Can be of considerable nego vto a programmer, it eliminate ип — certainty and guess work, and Perhaps the need ror a tot ar trial and error testing.

Although we used numerical conditions throughout these il- lustrations ibecausze they need

Les Space to show), conditions Cena RS STRINGS are very com man and can also be TRUE or FALSE. F i graifs in a similar manner. Lat- €r in this series ue wilt en- counter some.

This might be as good a place а= any to inject a word of Cau- tion when using as Condition Such as Y=2 in the preceding statement. IF variable Y is io be computed by the program, ii may show up With a value of Bay 1.99999999, JEBE Ы upon the Factors used and the arithmetical operations which produce it. The computer does not consider such a value їс be equivalent ta 2, in a comparison, Sa you might want to urite the condition a5..... INT (Y4.,L)z22, or what ever else might be needed to avoid a Fraultu comparison.

In the next chapter, we witt explore other Boolean logic ar- rangements, and some others be- sides these that sre uniquely

Timex.

SECOND PRINTING

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TIMEX GRAPHICS

АЩ

: — 1o +) 1 A^ “~

Rois Harder

THIS CUSTOM-SRAPHIC CIRCUIT WAS TAKEN FROM SINCLAIR PROJECTS JAN.33 ISSUE.IT ALLOWS FOR USING THE СОМРОТЕВ /5 ON-BOARD ik OR ak RAM FOR LOADING CUSTOM CHRS OF YOUR OUN CHOOSING.

THIS MODIFICATION IS EASIER TO PERFORM ON A SOCKETED BOARD.

IS REQUIRED THAT YOU ALTER YOUR COMPUTER IN A WAY THAT WILL PREVENT IT/5 NORMAL OPERATION UN LESS AN EXTERNAL RAMPAC IS USED.

GRAPHIC GENERATOR CIRCUIT

+5 74 ni10 25 23 еы Р 26 - su 1 Rl = ^ 3 -— a11 ? Y Sees Bones 7455) CIE A12 S$ әз ROM ° 120874511 PINZO Hoo - A13 б 4. 1: aoe & 4 TR. = 2 23а Dh 74 13 To ea A ROMCS а S IK [374 4+ ж оо # 74 3 RANTS а = DO FROM R28 OR 1372K

"азаят GENERAL INFORMATION +++++ 1.UITH ANAND) GATE (74L522: , “ANY {DI IN = (1) OUT. {OR ALL i135 IN = id) OUT: @.UITH AN (AND) GATE (74L528: , “ALL (135 IN = 11) OUT, 3.08 ANY i8) IN = ið) OUT: A BAR DUER A LEAD MEANS THAT 4 0ج„‎ IS ACTIVE LOU. ТНЕ (ANDED) ADDRESS LINES A3, A1@.A11, Ai2.ENABLE RANCS FROM

15872 TO 15383.ТНЕ ROHCS IS ENABLED STILL,FROM 2-3121. A13 IS USED TO DISABLE THE ROM FROM ак TO 16K. S.RESULTRNT MEMORY MAP:

<-ROM-> «Spon T BA сен LINES RCTIUE 1 1 HEN 7 8 5 6 LOW 5 1 8 3 3 3 7 8 — О ð 1 2.4

WITH THIS MODIFICATION, THE LOGIC EAD IN TH ENABLE ROMCS FOR

THE RAM (15872 AREA) I5 READ.

AS THE CIRCUIT IS WIRED IN SERIES WITH R28,THE ROM^/S ROMCS LEAD (PIN 20) WILL FUNCTION NORMALLY ,WITH THE SWITCH OFF,AS THE ROHMCS OUTPUT MIRRORS THE ROMCS INPUT FROM THE ULA.

WITH THE SWITCH ON,THE RAHCS LEAD IS ACTIVE LOU INSTERD,SO THAT THE"ON BORRD"RRM IS USED. PARTS REQUIRED: 1-10K RESISTOR, 2-74L500 (NAND) , 1-74L 508 (AND)? , 1-SPST TOGGLE SUITCH,UIRE,ETC. INSTALLATION PROCEDURES: 1.BUILD THE CIRCUIT BOARD. 2.5EUER PIN 2A EDGE-CONNECTOR

TRACK OF COMPUTER (RAMCS). 3.LIFT THE ROM SIDE OF R28 FOR INSERTING THE NEU CIRCUIT. 4.LIFT 2114 RAM IC’S FROM BOARD, BEND ADDRESS PINS AV-AS UP , AND RE-INSERT THEM IN THE SOCKETS. 5.UIRE IC PINS OR TRACKS: 2114 OR 4118 Sd Кы Элуй

g 3 3 a 3 4 1 7 4 = 2 Re 17 23 3 AS 5 5 4 A4 16 22 5 аз 5 7 6 2 15 1 7 Al Y 3 3 яг

IF YOU HAVE 2114 IC/5,LINK THEIR RESPECTIVE BENT OUT on TOGETHER. (2 TO 2,3 TQ 3 ETC.

JOIN THE 8 LEADS FROM THE. NEW BOARD,AND MOUNT THE SWITCH. 6.TEST BY POWERING UP AND PROVE

THAT THE COMPUTER WORKS NORMAL WITH THE TOGGLE SWITCH OFF. (WITH THE SWITCH OPERATED, THE

PROGRAMMING TIPS

onversion tips

A guide to ZX81/Spectrum program conversions | from David Nowotnik.

The versions of BASIC offered by the two ZX computers are so similar that many programs for one can be used by the other. The ZX81 has only two commands which are not pre- sent on the Spectrum, SCROLL and UNPLOT, and these should cause you few problems when converting ZX81 programs to the Spec-

trum (see Table 1).

There are quite a lot of com- mands and functions on the Spectrum which are not available on the ZX81. A list of these appears in Table 4. The stars indicate those commands and functions for which there is no simple translation to ZX81 BASIC. Those for colour and sound can be ommitted;

but you will have to find some alternative for the high resolu- tion and file I/O commands. The command PLOT appears on both computers, but the ef- fect is quite different, so beware! Another tip: PEEK and POKE should be used with cau- tion. In conversion, addresses will almost certainly have to be changed. Some of those

changes appear in the tables. A command such as POKE USR ''a'".... on the Spec- trum indicates User Defined Graphics; ZX81 users don't have this facility, so you'll have to omit this and use a standard character instead.

Spectrum RANDOMISE USR 3582 LET t- USR 3582 . PLOT Y;X - PRINT AT 21- Y/2,X/2; UNPLOT Y,X PRINT AT 21 – Ү/2,Х/2; |

ZX81 SCROLL

- case t) which is otherwise not used.

Table 1 ZX81 to Spectrum conversions.

Spectrum ZX81

BIN

Comments

1f the program uses random numbers, they could become rather predictable with the first option. If so, use the second, using a variable (in this

Print the appropriate quarter square graphics character. .— «

Print a space, or the appropriate quarter square graphics character. — —

Comments

BIN allows the represen-

eg LET у= BIN 10010101

READ/DATA eg READ x,y DATA 50,60

DEF FN and FN eg DEF a(x) - SOR x LET t — FN ali)

PLOT

SCREEN $ eg LET а= SCREENS x,y

LET y = (decimal no.) Conversion to decimal: 100101012149

1286432168421 Add these numbers together when

a 1 appears at the appropriate position in binary.

LET LET X= 50 LET Y- 60

LET X$ = "SOR X” LET X-1 LET Т= VAL X$

no equivalent

LET A - PEEK(PEEK 16396

tation of a number in

binary. On the ZX81 use the decimal equivalent, but beware; BIN is often

used with User Defined Graphics, which are not available on the ZX81.

READ and DATA are

used to store a lot of information in a program. Use LET instead.

The defined function can appear in a string. Use

the keyword for built-in functions (eg SQR). The equivalent of FN may need 2 lines, as shown.

Used in interactive games

+ 256*PEEK 16397 + 1 4 Y + 33* X) to detect characters in the

Table 2 Spectrum to ZX81 conversions.

display file. Note — this formula only works when a RAM pack is fitted.

NOU FOR THE PROGRAM 1:

PROGRAMMING TIPS

ZX81

1 FRAMES POKE 16436,255 POKE 16437,255

LET T=(65535 — PEEK

16436 – 256 *РЕЕК 16437)

/50 For times greater than 10 minutes, you can use byte 23674 as well.

Spectrum

PEEK 23673)/50

2 Line number zero POKE 16510,0 ` POKE 23756,0 (As the start of BASIC can move, eg with microdrives) use with caution.

3 RAM

POKE 16588, X-256*INT CLEAR x (X/256)

POKE 16389, INT (X/256)

Table 3 General interconversion hints.

FORMAT |

SCREEN SHOULD FILL WITH PIXEL PATTERNS FROM THE CHR$ TABLE)

(LOADER)

O ERRO БВ THE ROM DOT PATTERNS

Т HRS RAM AT LOCATION 15872. 5 A=15872

18 FOR М=7680 TO 8191

20 POKE A,PEEK M

30 LET A=A+1

40 NEXT M

58 SLOW

PROGRAM 2: (TO CHANGE CODE) 10 PRINT “INPUT CHR$ CODE (3-63

зд

RINT 40 PRINT “INPUT NEW CHRS DES"

20 INPUT ^

HEX C

50 LET Hz1587?724Cs8

60 FOR N-1 TO 8

78 INPUT H$

8@ POKE H,l156s:CODE H$ili-2814í CODE H$ (2) -23)

290 PRINT AT 21,1; "=" 180 LET M=N+1

1108 SCROLL

120 NEXT N

(FOR EX: INPUT (1: РОВ CHR$ CODE,

AND THEN TM nci

Comments: Both computers have а counter

POKE 23672,0:POKE 23673,0 which accurately varies by БО LET t= (PEEK 236724 256*

every second. In the example, use the first line to start the 'clock'. The variable T will have the time in seconds after the start. The counter can only be used for 10 minutes.

Converts the first line of a program to line number zero. which cannot be edited, and so is protected.

Creates а safe area at the

top of RAM starting at address x, for storing data, machine code etc.

TO THE SCREEN,THEN OPERRTE THE SWITCH TO SEE THE NEU CHRS.

dou E CHANGE MORE CODE! 2 DIM(5,16) , 3 LET A$ (1) -"00402010103C3201 4 LET Я$ (2) ="CHRS HEX CODE" 5 LET A$(3) ="CHR$ HEX CODE" 6 LET Я$ (4) z"CHR$ HEX CODE" 7 LET Я$ (5) ="СНЯ$ HEX CODE" 20 FOR С=1 TO 5 (NO.OF A$) 309 LET М=15872+С+8 40 FOR N=1 TO 15 STEP 2

SØ LET H$zH$iC,N TO N+1) БО POKE M,15s (CODE Н$ (1) -2а) + ‹ H$ (2) -28)

COMBINE THESE PROGRAMS INTO 1 IF YOU LIKE,WITH A SUBROUTINE TO CHANGE A PARTICULAR CODE,OR YOU CAN USE PROGRAM 3 TO CHANGE THE WHOLE KEYBOARD (Ag (1) - (531 SUBMITTED ROIS HARDER,

BY: 995 SHAKESPEARE AVE, , N.URN.,B.C. V7K 1E7

лл

Capacitor

Zur 1€0voLT NON-POLAR

To RED

BLACK Reo Green YELLOW

Modular Plug, Front view Phone Line Filter

Have you ever been online to your favorite BBS and had bad blocks during file transfer or garbage characters appear on the screen for no reason? | have. In my case it seems to only happen on my favorite board, Free Net. | have also found it to happen only at 2400 baud. 1 called the manufacturer of my modem, Zoom Telephonics, and was told thet since the problem seemed to be only with the one board, that it was more than likely due to line noise of some type. They gave me a suggestion that | tried and found to work GREAT! It is very simple and costs very little. (about $5.00)

All you need is а Zuf non-polar capacitor rated at 90+ volts ands 2.75K resistor 1/2 watt anda modular plug. These values are a bit out of the ordinary but you may combine values to come up with the right ones. | ended up putting 2 tuf caps in parallel to get the Zuf and 2 5.6K resistors in parallel to get 2.8K (close enough). The way it's wired is as follows: The capacitor (or combination) is connected in series with the resistor Cor combination) and you are left with a lead from the сар and one from the resistor. These go to the RED and GREEN lines of the phone line. | just got a modular plug and connected them to the two pins in the center.

Resistor

To GREEN

Phone Line Filter by James G. DuPuy

From: | The Greater Cleveland | Sinclair Users Group

James G. DuPuy

6514 Bradley Ave. (Down)

Parma, Ohio, 44129

The outer two leads are black and yellow. It does not matter if the resistor or cap lead goes to red. If you don't have a modular plug available, you can do one of two things. 1: Get an adaptor that has one male and two female. 2: Solder the leads in the modem where the red and green lines are connected. | would NOT advise doing the soldering in the modem since it vill void the warranty. Most modems (internal and external) аге packed pretty tight so adding parts can be tough, especially if you don't have much experience in electronics or soldering to high density PC boards.

Make sure that your leads are insulated so nothing can short! You can get a phone cord that your not using and cut it about 4 inches from the plug and strip off the outer insulation and use the red end green lines. This is what | did. Be sure that the plug will plug into the phone jack first! | believe the plug for the handset is different than the one that goes in {һе modem and the wall. To test it, plug it in then pick up the phone and be sure you get a dial tone and can dial. Also, be sure that you cover the whole thing up since there is normally 45 to 60 volts on an open phone line and up to 130 volts, 20 hertz AC during ringin.

Obviously don't try this if you know nothing about electronics! Also, you are at your OWN risk doing this. Please note also that if you don't insulate your connections and the phone line is shorted, You will be respesible when the phone man shows up to check your line and hands you the bill!

It did help in MY case. If you don't have & problem then DON'T use this. It seems to help primarily noisy lines. It won't help a bad modem or bad characters sent by either party. If you want further information, give me a call at: (216) 661-4105. v Ир

Listing 1. LET T=

FOR A=16514 TO 16866 INPUT X POKE A,X SCROLL PRINT A,X LET T=T+x

aR jean FOR A= 110 РОКЕ A, 120 NEXT A

J N Creak gets into conversation with his ZX-81.°

Listing 2. LOS PRINT "PRESS Анг KEY TO CON . 15 PAUSE 4E4

20 BAND USA ` 26514

. 25 PAUSE 4E4 30 PORE 18542,101 35 POKE 15556/123

сыз. 68 RANO USR 16540 70 IF INHEY$:»o""

aa FOR A=1 TO SO

THEN GOTO 150

GOSUB 1000 “WHAT NEME 2?"

BREE

BME rm GDO o ousgcu

yone

&oucnccocsococ e Q! я c o [^] t о fs

IF azi THEN GUT? IF Ase THEN GOT.

сз FOKE 15570 IF USR 1

totu з ру уе | e REE Qfo e e б 660

USING THE excellent 48K Spectrum Speaks article in the June 1983 edition of Your

` Computer, it is possible to make an actual speech processor on a 16K ZX-81.

This program uses a "ZX-8lisation" of that routine as its basis. Manipulation of the data is, however, made far easier.

'The sounds can be stored and retrieved so that it is possible to construct whole sentences phonetically by joining together the stored sounds. 16K RAM is very limiting for the amount of data necessary to make useful speed possible, but the program uses it to its best possible advantage.

To enter the program first set RAMtop to 19712 in the usual way by:

POKE 16389,77 NEW

RETURN e созов 1000

$10 PORE 12542,1Q03«0

S22 POKE 15568,1044

$30 RETURN

1200 PRINT “WHAT START (1 TO 24) 1010 INPUT 9 x А

1020 PRINT "AND END i1 TO 24: 7" 1030 INPUT '9

1040 RETURN

1500 IF INKEY$s"T" THEN RUN

1510 IF INKEY$2"1" THEN GOsUB 30 o

1520 IF INKEYy$z'"$" THEN 20205 19 e

1530 IF INKEYS$2"U" THEN GOTO 200 o

1840 IF INKEY$="0" Than GOSUS 22 e

1750 GOTO ад

2000 РОКЕ 12312,1024

2005 созов 2000

2010 PRINT “ENTER LETTERS NAJ” 2015 CLEAR

2020 CIM A

2025 INPUT

2239 Съз

2525 L A $ 20:0 I 5 ^ THEN GOT? 2500

2050 F Я=1 T2 140

Next type in the hexadecimal loader program — listing 1 — and enter the machine code. When this is complete delete the loader program line-by-line and enter listing 2.

1 suggest you now save it several times in case the machine code crashes when executed. A single error will generally cause a complete system reset, deleting everything, including any data above RAMtop.

Set up tape recorder

The next thing to do is to set up your tape recorder and ZX-81 as in figure 1. This works on the principle that almost all portable tape recorders have a monitor function during recording. This means that what is being recorded through the microphone can be put to an external loudspesker or in this.cose 1o 8

elTe

2060 IF INKEY$i2"" THEN GOTO 2320 v 2070 NEXT A E

р.

2030 GOTO 2040 2100 PRINT "NO ROOM = MEM. FULL. oe THINK AGAIN” 2110 PAUSE 100 2120 RETURN 2200 FRINT “CATA LIST FULL."., T HINK AGAIN" 2210 PAUSE 100 2220 RETURN 2390 PRINT "HO EUCH PAONEME- 2210 PAUSE 100 о 5 1102 о F PHONEIG HAME NIT Fl. ae 100 Qc 2100 er “PHO 3 O LET Я=РЕЕК 188734258» 4 3020 I 367 THEM GOTO 3930 # $237 To n-3 à 3040 ғ BB г;спвв PEE 2050 К 3050 3070

computer, If you have no separate micro- phone but your tape recorder has a built-in one, then use that. А

Set up the equipment, insert a fairly long blank tape — or one that can be overwritten — and start recording. Alternatively, you can play a recorded tape into the computer directly, without speaking, at about 1 times normal loading volume.

Set to Fast mode. Type Run and you will get a prompt. Decide what to say into the machine first, press Newline, and say it. If you make a mistake or over-run the time limit, hold down T when the prompt reappears. When it reappears for a second time it is ready to go again. If you have said the word correctly, just press Newline. The TV screen

(continued from previous page)

should then show a black screen with small white lines, which are the speech. If not, no sound is reaching the computer, in which case, check everything and rerun by pressing T.

Assuming the lines are there, disconnect the equipment and reconnect as in figure 2. An external loudspeaker is usually only necessary with tape recorders with built-in micro- phones. If Record is again actuated then the voice — or other sound — should be heard. If not, you have equipment problems.

Once this stage is reached, one can move on to the more interesting aspects of the program. The complete sound input can be

_ divided into 24 parts and they сап be used singly or in groups, for hearing, storing and retrieving.

Press 1. You will be asked for a start-part — 1 to 24 inclusive is allowed. The end-part is similar but must be more than or equal to the start-part. If the end is the same then only that one part is output. Narrow down the parts, by inputting smaller and smaller sections of the sound, until you only hear the sound you wish to store, e.g., the B in Ball. Consonants are usually two parts long and vowels four parts long. If in doubt make consonants longer and vowels shorter.

To store a sound press S. You should input the limits you found to be the best and give it a single Jetter name. If storing a sound like P at the end of a word — as in help — store only the actual noise and not the silence which preceeds it, as this can be added later and is a waste of valuable memory. To delete a stored phoneme at any time, press D. :

When you have stored all the sounds you want from a particular word in memory, press T to input another word — to get more sounds

Machine code.

16514 33 e 184 16519 212 2=4 254 16524. 2 gea 254 16529 16 244 203 16534 124 e254 128 16539 201 32 e 15544 a 283 та 16549 o2 e 211 16554 e 213 254 15559 16 24а 202 16564 124 254 128 16569 201 42 16 16574 5 e a 165723 104 35 Fa 15584. ig zon 229 16589 Ge 25 122 165594 54 gas 156 16599 162 6 Qa. 15524 e i2 a 16689 243 Е 1 зг 166514 zd 217 254 16619 ze 254 за 16624 eld 23 Td 16629 11 83 107 16634 e 237 176 16639 196 33 227 16644 -. 15 78 135 16649 os 35 35 15554 225 eel З= 16659 14 e 43 16664 e 237 176 16669 166 e ae 16574 es TT 14 16679 ai 6s 71 15534 6s 128 2a

Figure 1. IN.

ul uo ac «o FO ш a

MICROPHONE

from — or, alternatively, press V to synthesize some speech.

The string input should consist of sets of named phonemes to make the words up. Separate the words by spaces — to generate the sound and to make a long delay — and you can use the numbers 1 to 9 to make short, timed delays at any point.

15533 6 6 5 15524 33 E55 32 16692 16 203 62 16704 ze 14 35 16702 15 32 234 16714 ia 104 Б 15719 зз 40 4 io724 14 255 ð 16729 BT 293 6 16734 23 Б = 16732 55 ve = 16744 sa 54 1 16749 65 17 e 16754 40 122 254 16759, S2 254 е 16764 ES sa 132 16769 23 64 EI 16774 3 i2 e 167723 15 a 16 16784 22 245 225 16722 ск 29 S5 15794 15 48 16 15722 14 14 e 16304 Ir 19 EDI iza 19 225 24. 16814 эз 65 © 16513 19 ia T 16824 e 16 247 їбагә 23 25 7a 15334 19 102 46 15333 19 25 24 16344 13 e гет 15349 cea e Ip 16854 зе sa os 16852 es 18s. 133 16864 ©

! = л

Figure 2. OUT.

LOUDSPEAKER

TAPE RECORDER

Example answers to the synthesis input:

“FLS SWIM QICLIF” — ‘eels swim quickly’ "HW NW BRWN CW" — ‘how now brown cow’

"TEL MF HF TIM PLFZ'' — ‘tell me the time please’

"СЕИР IS SLUMTF'' — ‘kelp is slimy’

Note the repetition of sounds, to save memory, the use of E and F as soft and hard E, and the use of 1 as a short delay. If a word overruns the memory a tone is generated.

From these basic principles large, complex words and phrases can be synthesized, within the confines of the memory. For example, using the fact that A, B, C, D etc. end in “ее”, it can even say a large part of the alphabet, if correctly programmed.

This program does all it can with the RAM available, but is still very limited. Nevertheiess, it gives a good demonstration of what can be done on a small microcomputer.

i 208 257 51 65 зз 16 es 7 237 #82 5 2 о 33 za 65 E e ca 35 65 i 237 168 237 & 65 27 26 T e 192 46 25 a7 sa т 175 122 ба EOl 17 2 за es зз 6 15 ise 3 16 259 78 1280 46 5 4p 33 65 7 #82 229 215 e 6 e f тзт ёр 32 = 229 35 7G 65 145 197 7 B37 82 35 e 6a 107 5 122 sa 35 3 E25 43 7S8 35 2? BT т 245 195 a 213 237 175 33 65 202 26 145 18 16 245 62 4 eel 167 113 34 33 35 7a 55 145 Sa 35 1 201